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FOR 



TOUMISTS OF 1874 



Compiled by W. H. STENNETT, 

General Passenger Agent C. &> N.-W. R'y. 



I^UBLISHEID B-y THE 

jjHIC/QO ^ jH0F(TH--¥fE^TEr^N H^aWAY. 






CHICAGO. ^^^-^^"'^ 

1874. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. d £^0 2 



SUMMER TOURISTS. 



In the following pnges you will find a short description of a few of the 
many pleasant summer resorts you can find in the country north and north- 
west of Chicago. We claim no originality in the matter herein contained. 
We have selected it from any source attainable, when we could be sure that 
fac^s only were given. Great care has been taken to verify all statements 
made, and we feel sure they will be found to be strictly true and entirely 
reliable. 

Much more could be truthfully written in favor of the points named, were 
it necessary to do so, but we have thought it would be best to simply call 
your attention to the places, as we feel sure you will find a thousand beauties 
and advantages we have not named. 

Upper Wisconsin and Minnesota are unknown lands to most of our friends 
of the South and of the East, and if our efforts shall induce ever so few to go 
there, and view and enjoy the beauties and glories of these favored regions, 
we shall be amply repaid for all of our labor in your behalf, 

THE COMPILER. 
Chicago, May, 1874. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, 

By W. H. STENNETT, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



THE GREAT NORTH WKST. 



NOTICE TO PASSENGERS. 

Passengers arriving- at Chicago by any of the Roads from the South, East or West, 
will find Parmelee's Omnibus Checkmen on the trains, who will exchange your checks 
and give you all information you may require. At the depots you will find omnibuses 
which will take you to any of the depots of this Company. 

Passengers holding through tickets issued by any connecting road, will be transported 
free of charge to the depots oftliis Company, whether they hold an omnibus ticket or 
not. Baggage [belonging to passengers holding through tickets] will also be transferred 
free of charge. This includes baggage belonging to emigrants holding through tickets 
over any of the lines of this Company. 

Passenger Agents in the emplo}' of this Company can, on arrival of all connecting 
trains, be found at the depots, and they will cheerfully give all needed mformation. 

All trains of this line are run by " Chicago time,'' which is 55 minutes slower than 
New York ; i hour and 7 minutes slower than Boston ; 33 minutes faster than Omaha, 
and 21 minutes faster than St. Paul. 

On the arrival of the trains from the East or South, the trains of the Chicago & North- 
western Railway leave Chicago as follows : 

For Council Blufls, Omaha and California, two through trains daily. 
For St. Paul and Minneapolis, two through trains daily. 
For Green Bay and Lake Superior, two tlirough trains daily. 
For Milwaukee, four through trains dailj'. 

For "Winona, and points in Minnesota, two through trains daily. 
For Dubuque, via Freeport, two through trains daily. 
For Dubuque and L,a Crosse, via Clinton, two trains daily each way. 
For Sioux City and Yankton, two through trains daily. 
For Geneva Lake, two through trains daily. 

For Kockford, Kenosha, Sterling, Janesville, and other local points, you can 
have from two to ten express trains daily. 

Passenger Fares by this route are always as low as they are by any other. 

IMPORTANT TO THE TRAVELING PUBLIC. 

To the majority of the citizens of the West, the Chicago & North-Western Railway is 
well known ; not so, however, to those in many parts of our great country. 

Operating over two thousand miles of the best road there is in the world, and running 
through Five Great States with its numerous branches, it is not to be expected that the 
traveler from the South or the East, could, unaided, understand the vast system of 
lines that is owned and operated by this Company. It was to supply in part the needed 
information, that the accompanying pages were prepared. We take up the mam lines and 



THE GREAT X0ETI1WE6T. 



branches, that run toward the North and Northwest, and devote a few words to each, and 
endeavor, with the aid of the accompanying map, to show what we have in the way of 
a Railway, and to give the traveler such information as may be of service to him, should 
he wish to go by rail from Chicago to the North and Northwest. It will be observed 
that we have — 

First. — The shortest, oldest and best line from Chicago to Council Bluffs and Omaha, 
and the first that formed a connection with the Union Pacific for Colorado, Wyoming, 
Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, California, Oregon, and the Pacific Coast, This connec- 
tion has never been broken, and to-day our trains make sure and certam connections at 
Omaha, with those of the Union Pacific Railroad, for all points West. 

Second. — The best and most direct route to St. Paul, and for all points beyond. Note 
that we run in nearly an air line from Chicago to St. Paul. This line is new, and as such 
lias been equipped with everything tending to comfort, speed and safety, that modern 
invention has placed in the hands of the progressive Railroad Manager. 

Third.^ — The only line from Chicago to Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Escanaba, Negau- 
nee, Marquette and L'Anse, by which the traveler can reach the shores of Lake Superior 
by rail, and without change of management. 

Fourth. — The only line from Chicago to Freeport, and via Freeport to Galena, Dun- 
leith, Dubuque, and points West. This is one of the oldest and best lines in the West, 
and for many years was the only rail line by which the traveler from the Lakes could reach 
the Mississippi river. 

Fifth. — The only line from Chicago to Winona, Rochester, St. Peter, New Ulm, Mar- 
shall, and Lake Kampeska, Dakota. It will be seen that ihis line is 625 miles long, and 
runs through Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and into Dakota. 

Sixth. — A line from Kenosha to Rockford, which is the only route through that part ot 
the country. 

Seventh. — The old and popular route from Chicago to Milwaukee. This is the only 
line between tliese cities that runs along the Lake Shore, and offers to the traveler the 
benefit of the Lake views, and access to the many beautiful cities, towns and villages 
along its shores. 

Eighth. — A line from Clinton, Iowa, to Anamosa. This was formerly known as the 
Iowa Midland Railroad, and runs through the garden of Iowa, 

Ninth, — Numerous branches which open up routes off the main lines of travel. 
Besides these, we have said something of our Western and Northwestern connections, 
and of numerous arrangements we have with other roads connecting with ours at impor- 
tant points. Some of these routes being out of the usual or probable course of Tourists' 
travel, we omit them from the detailed or descriptive part of this pamphlet. 

Before commencing a Western, Northern or Northwestern trip, you would do well to 
consult the time cards of the Chicago & North-Western Railway ; by so doing, you may 
be aided in saving time, money and inconveniences of various kinds, and be shown a better 
way than you have heretofore known. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



HOW TO BUY YOUR TICKETS. 

At the Chicago Ticket Offices of the Chicago & North-Western Railway you can pur- 
chase through tickets to all the points named in these pages, but at several points south of 
Chicago through tickets are sold only to the larger and more important points in the North- 
west. In the following lines we shall give directions as to what points to buy tickets to, 
when you cannot get tickets all the way through : 

MILWAUKEE.— Almost all railroads sell tickets to this point. See that your tickets 
from Chicago to Milzuaukee, read over the Chicago ^North-Western Railway. 
PEWAUKEE, Wis. — Buy your tickets to Milwaukee ; from that point you will have to 
buy a local ticket. The distance from Milwaukee is 19 miles, and the local fare is 80 
cents. 
ELrKHAKT L,AKE, Wis.— Buy your tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Rail- 
way to Fond du Lac. At Fond du Lac, buy your tickets of the ticket agent of the She- 
boygan & Fond du Lac Railroad to Glenbeulah ; fare about one dollar. At Glenbeu- 
lah, you are two miles from the Swiss Cottage, to which point omnibuses carry you 
free of charge. Or : you can buy your tickets to Milwaukee via the Chicago & North- 
Western Railway, and at Milwaukee, buy local ticket to Elkhart Lake ; fare, $2.40. 
In going to Fond du Lac, you can go via Milwaukee, or via Janesville, the same 
ticket being good either way. 
WAUKESHA, ^Vis.— Buy tickets to Milwaukee via the Chicago & North-Western 

Railway. At Milwaukee, buy a local ticket ; fare, 80 cents. 
0C0N03I0AV0C, AVis.— Buy tickets to Milwaukee via Chicago & North-Western Rail- 
way. Local fare from Milwaukee is $1.25. 
GREEN liAKE, Wis — Ticket Agents should be able to sell you through tickets via 
Chicago & North-Western and Sheboj^gan & Fond du Lac Railways, but if they can- 
not, buy via Chicago & North-Western Railway to Fond du Lac, and then buy 
local ticket; fare, $1.05. Should Ticket Agents not be able to sell you tickets even 
to Fond du Lac, then buy to Milwaukee via Chicago & North-Western Railway, and 
at Milwaukee procure your ticket to Green Lake; fare, $3.10. 

Trains run through from Milwaukee to Green Lake via the Chicago & North-West- 
ern and Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railways. 
PAL.MYRA, Wis — Buy tickets to Milton Junction, via Chicago & North-Western Rail- 
way-. At this point you can buy local tickets. Fare from Milton Junction, 85 cents. 
Failing to get tickets to this point, when you reach Chicago you can buy through 
tickets to Palmyra at the ticket office of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

GREEN BAY, Wis.— All ticket agents should be able to sell you tickets to this point 
through from Chicago, via Chicago & North-Wcslern Railway. Be particular to see 
that your tickets read all the way from Chicago, over the Chicago & North-West- 
ern Railway, as it is the only road that runs there direct and without change of 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



cars. At Chicago, j'Oii can take cars that run througli via Milwaukee, or others that 
run through via Janesville. See other pages for notes on " Milwaukee & Fond du Lac 
Air Line " Division of Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

ESCANABA, Midi. — Buy through tickets via Chicago & North-Western Railway. 
Failing to get those, then buy to Green Bay as above stated. See that your tickets 
read from Chicago to Escanaba via Chicago & North-Western Railwaj'-. 

NEGAUNEE, MAKQUETTE, ISHPEMING, L'ANSE, HOUGHTON, HAN- 
COCK, and the Shores of Lake Superior, are reached, from Chicago, only by the 
trains of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and you should be able to buy 
through tickets to Marquette via this road. At Marquette you can buy rail tickets to 
Ishpeming and L'Anse, and rail and stage or Steamer to L'Anse, Houghton and Han- 
cock. Fulhnan Palace Sleeping Cars run from Chicago to Marquette via the 
Chicago df North- Western Railway. 

DULiUTH, Minn. — You can buy through tickets to this point via the Chicago & North- 
Western and West Wisconsin Railways (Elroy Route) and St. Paul, or via Chicago & 
North-Western Railway to Marquette, and thence via Steamer. 

See advertisement of Excursion Routes and Rates on anotJier page. 

M,\DISON, Wis.— Buy through tickets via Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

DEVIL'S L.AKE, Wis. — Buy tickets to Madison, and from there buy local ticket. 
Fare is $1.35. Chicago to Devil's Lake, local. Is $6.20. 

ST. PAUL, Minn. -—Buy through tickets via Chicago & North-Western and West Wis- 
consin Railways (" Elroy Route"). This is a short and direct route, and the only one 
running Pullman Sleepers from Chicago, and the only route via Madison, Devil's Lake 
and Elroy. 

SPAlvTA, Wis.— Most railroads can sell you through tickets via Chicago & North- 
Western Railway. Should any be unable to do so, then buy to Madison. Fare from 
Madison to Sparta, is $4.30. Trains run from Chicago through to Sparta. 

AVTNONA, Minn.— Buy through tickets via Chicago 8l North-Western Railway. This 
Is the only direct route. 

WABASHA, Minn. — Get your tickets to Winona, via Chicago & North-Western Rail- 
way. You can go from there to Wabasha via Steamer, about 30 miles, or you can 
buy local ticket and go up by rail. Fare, $1.35 by rail, and about 50 cents by boat. 

FKOXTENAC, Minn. —Procure your tickets to Winona via Chicago «& North-Western 
Railway. Go hence by Steamer, about 40 miles, or at Winona buy local ticket. Fare, 
by rail, $2.10, and about $r.oo by boat. 

GKNEVA Li.\KE, Wis.— Tf you cannot get through ticket, buy to Chicago. Here 
you can get through ticket via Chicago & North-Western Railway. It Is the otily 
route. Fare from Chicago, $3.00. 



THE GREAT NOKTITWEST. 



CHICAGO & MII.WAUKEE I.INE. 
Milwaukee Division. 

This line is so well known that little need be said about it. For many years it was the 
only rail line between Chicago and Milwaukee, and running along the lake shore, lias 
been the means of building up a large number of beautiful cities, towns and villages along 
its route. 

Leaving by this division, you start from the depot, on the corner of Canal and Kinzie 
streets, Chicago, and pass through the following towns : 

M Is. from Chicago. 



Mis. troin Chicago. 

Citv Limits June 2 

Belle Phime 5 

Ravenswood 6 

Rosehill 7 

Rogers' Park 9 

Calvary -. - --. 10 

South Evanston 11 

Ev-anston 12 

North Evanston 13 

Wiimette 14 

Winnetka 16 

Lake Side 17 

Glencoe 18 

Highland Park 22 

Highwood ... 24 

and roach Milwaukee, 85 miles from your starting point. 



Lake Forest - 28 

Rockland 30 

Waukegan -. 35 

Benton 39 

State Line 44 

Kenosha 51 

Racine June .-- 60 

Racine - 61 



Ives Station 

Countv Line 

Oak Creek 

Buckhorn 

St. Francis 

Engine Station 



MILWAUKEE. 

This city is most delightfully situated on the western shore of Lake Michigan, on a 
magnificent bay, formed by two projecting headlands which make a safe and extensive 
harbor. The bay is some nine miles in width, and affords a refuge for vessels in case of 
storms. The Milwaukee river flows down from the north, at an average distance of from 
half to three-quarters of a mile from the lake, till it reaches a point a little south of the cen- 
tre of the city, when it turns at almost a right angle and flows into the lake, through an 
artificial cut. This has made the passage to the lake much shorter, and has resulted in 
the closing up of the old mouth of the river, some mile or so below. Just where the Mil- 
waukee turns to reach the lake It is joined by the Menoraonee river, which after winding 
for two miles through a wide marsh, is lost in its larger neighbor. The two rivers divide 
the city into what are known as the east, west and south sides. Milwaukee contains a 
population of about 90,000 people. It is regularlj'^ laid out ; the streets are wide and are 
lined with buildings eminently adapted for all the requirements of so extensive a place. 
The business part of the city lies on either side of the river and follows it up closely for 
over two miles. As you go back from the river you find yourself gradually ascending till 
you stand on an elevation of considerable height, and can see the city spread out at your 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



feet. The streets have a gradual rise, therefore, as you recede from the river, and when you 
come to the lake shore you stand on a high bluff. These two rivers, the Milwaukee and the 
Menomonee, give vessels easy access to the very heart of the city, and afford great 
assistance to the heavy commerce carried on. The healthfulness of the city is some- 
thing remarkable. Its location, the cleanliness of the streets, the admirable sanitary regu- 
lations which are stringently enforced, and the intelligence of the people, all combine to 
prevent any disease from obtaining a foothold and to keep at a distance those epidemics 
which so frequently prevail in large cities. The stranger who visits Milwaukee is at once 
struck by its neat and clean appearance. This is due to the care taken in keeping the 
streets in excellent order, but largely, also, to the cream-colored brick, widely known as 
" Milwaukee brick," of which the buildings are almost exclusively constructed. These 
facts, together with the width of the streets, give the place a most charming and delightful 
look, affording a pleasing variation to the monotonous rows of glaring red bricks met with 
in the large eastern cities. As a summer resort, Milwaukee possesses many peculiar attrac- 
tions that are every year becoming more widely known, and that specially commend it 
to those who seek rest and recuperation during the hot months of the year. Situated on 
the banks of a beautiful lake it is fanned by the invigorating breezes that pour in an 
almost continual current over the broad waters. These bring relief and comfort, even in 
the hottest seasons. The hotel accommodations are of the very finest character. 
From Milwaukee you can best reach 

PEWAUKEE, WIS. 

Among the many points of attraction within the borders of our already famous and 
justly celebrated country, Pewaukee holds a fair share of possessions, and, in some 
considerations, is superior to any other. Located nineteen miles west of Milwaukee, 
and situated at the foot of Pewaukee Lake, nearly the geographical centre of Wau- 
kesha county, on one of the best highways and most popular drives known to the 
country and on the direct route from Waukesha to Oconomowoc, commanding the most 
diversified scenery, embracing Lakeside, Government Hill, and the Highlands. 

Heretofore, it has been no little wonder to many tourists and pleasure-seekers, in view 
of the superior facilities for entertainment extended elsewhere, why Pewaukee was so 
much frequented and always commanded an attendance from the best families and among 
the most prominent business men. It need be so no longer, however, as investigation 
proves the attractions for sportsmen are superior there, and everybody concedes that 
Pewaukee Lake is the gem of all others. 

THE OAKTON SPRINGS, PEWAUKEE LAKE. 

These Springs are situated in a beautiful grove, on the south side of Pewaukee Lake, 
which is five miles long from east to west, and from half a mile to one and a half in 
width, with an average depth of fifty feet, and 263 feet above the level of Lake Michigan. 

The Chief Spring A, of the Oakton Springs Group, has been known and used privately 
for over thirty-seven years.- The four remaining ones will be speedily tested and brought 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 9 

before the public if their analysis justifies it. The Dunbar Bethesda Water has been 
before the public about four years. 

These springs are six miles apart in the same county, and are the only competing waters 
of their kind known in the world. Were the capacity of each fifty times as great as it is, 
there would yet be not half a supply for the actual demands for the "ills which flesh is 
heir to," if their merits were fully known and appreciated. 

But the great feature in connection with the above waters, and the arrangement for 
their use — these hitherto unknown to Pewaukee — is the completion of a first-class building 
(part four and part three stories high), with ample extensions and grounds, in full view of 
the lake, and fronting Fox River and the two main streets of the village for over 1,200 feet. 
These new premises known as the Oakton Springs Hotel, are now opened under competent 
management as a first-class hotel for families. 

Oakton Springs Hotel is in every way attractive ; commanding in design, complete 
in finish, modern in construction, and affords every possible convenience. Fronting on 
Pewaukee Lake, it commands one of the grandest and most diversified views, and which 
embraces a great variety of attractions. 

The rooms for the use of guests are high and airy, spacious in apartment as they are 
beautiful in design, furnished luxuriously, and sufficient in number for the accommodation 
of a multitude. 

The hotel is not only favorably located but spacious, and so constructed as to afford the 
utmost convenience and please the most fastidious. 

The accession of the steamer Surprise has been achieved recently, and the waters of 
Pewaukee Lake are now graced by as staunch and beautiful a craft as floats on any of our 
inland waters. She will carry a hundred and fifty passengers safely, seat them comforta- 
bly, and must prove an important auxiliary in the point of attractions here. 

With the enjoyment to be derived from the various sources of amusement and pleasure 
above suggested, and with this leading and prominent embellishment of our new 
" Saratoga of the West," as the journals have flatteringly styled Pewaukee, it is expected 
that the comfort of healthy families, as well as the invalid community, who visit this "Gar- 
den spot of creation," (partaking of the life-giving draught of these waters, snatching the 
balmy breath of a gentle zephyr, in midsummer, from our beautiful lake and its grand sur- 
roundings, or, it may be, in the still more agreeable performance of the personal duty of 
storing away the solid comforts of a well regulated hotel), will be such as to recall to their 
memory in all time to come delightful recollections associated with their first summer at 
Pewaukee and Oakton Springs. 

ELKHART LAKE, WISCONSIN. 

You can reach Elkhart Lake from Milwaukee ; from Fond du Lac via the Sheboygan & 
Fond du Lac R. R., (to go via this line buy your tickets to Glenbeulah from which point 
Elkhart Lake is only two miles distant)— or from Menasha. You cannot go amiss if you 
buy your tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Railway for either of these points, as 
close connections are made at all three for this point. 



10 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 

Wisconsin is dimpled over with beautiful lakes to whose shores hundreds annually 
repair for pleasure and relaxation. Louisville, St. Louis, New Orleans, Galveston, Cin- 
cinnati and Indianapolis are largel}' represented. 

Instead of going- to some *' fashionable" wateringplace, where dressing, flirtation and 
the usual consequences of folly prevail, our western and southern people wisely prefer 
those secluded spots where nature is so profuse ©f her charms. 

This lake covers about nine hundred acres, and is pleasingly diversified by bays, which 
coquettishly wind around jutting bluffs, beneath whose shade the crystal water slumbers. 
The surrounding hills are verdant with pine, spruce and maple, whilst ever and anon, 
wheat fields peep through vistas in the forests, affording a pleasing variety to the eye 
which feasts upon its varying charms. 

But if you would fully realize the beauties of this charming scenery, view it by moon- 
light. Row your boat out in the midst of the lake, and as the moonbeams silver o'er the 
rippling waters and shed their mellowed light on nature in repose, acknowledge that 
Elkhart is a masterpiece and that the hand which made it "is Divine." Sparkling in the 
moonlight, it seems like a brilliant diamond set in the midst of clustering emeralds. The 
lover of nature lingers amidst the solemn stillness, regrets that sleep will liide its beauties 
from his view, and breathes grateful prayer to Him who thus unfolded such a glimpse of 
heaven to His children. 

Balfe's verses, descriptive of Killarney, can truly be applied to Elkhart : 

" Bounteous nature loves all lands. 

Beauty wandei's everywhere. 
Footprints leaves on many strands, 

But her home is surely there." 

The " Swiss Cottage" is the only hotel on the lake, and E. N. Marsh is its proprietor. 
Mr. Marsh has judiciously expended $25,000 on the Cottage and its surroundings, and 
succeeded in making it delightfully attractive. His table is bountifully supplied with 
delicious black bass fresh from the like, and every comfort calculated to restore tired 
nature to its pristine vigor. 

Elkhart Lake is of no definable shape. It continually surprises one with cozy bays of 
every conceivable form and size, where, under the shadow of drooping pine boughs, elm 
and cedar, one can 

" sit in happy indolence 

At rest upon tlie oars ; 
And catch the heavy earthly scents 
That blow from summer shores." 

The forests abound in game ; the lake in fish. Numerous boarding houses are already 
erected along the banks, and all will lie filled with guests. Mark Harrison, the 
Fond du Lac artist, has a country seat tliere, upon one of the loveliest slopes that dips its 
feet in the waters of the lake. 

Boats of every description are contiiuially flitting from bank to bank, conveying the 
occupants of the various houses upon culling and fishing excursions. 



THE GREAT XOTITIIWEST. 11 

The proprietor of the "Swiss Collage" luis just pmcuased u small stCiimcr which 
has been christened Marion V. Churchill, in honor of a literary lady. The little boat 
is a picturesque ornament to the lake as well as a source of great pleasure to visitors. 

THE SW ISS COTTAGE 

The building-, large and commodious, is built after those petite and lovely cottages 
one sees in Switzerland. This, however, is built on a much larger scale and furnishes 
accommodations for one hundred and fifty guests. The rooms are large, commodious, 
and well ventilated, and are arranged so that the guests may derive the greatest amount 
of bodily comfort. In the place of plaster, wood is used on the ceilings and walls. This 
gives a very pretty effect, being in harmony with the surroundings. The usual ball and 
billiard rooms are furnished. Every effort is made by the proprietor to make his place 
acceptable to visitors. Boats and bathing houses are free to the guests, and conveniently 
arranged near the house. 

Milwaukee is also the point for j'^ou to buy tickets to if you are going to . 

WAUKESHA, WIS. 

Waukesha is the county seat of Waukesha county, beautifully situated on the Fox 
river. To the citizens of Wisconsin, the beautiful village of Waukesha has long been 
known b)' name and location. But from the comparative insignificance of an inland 
country town, it has suddenly grown into world-wide importance, and its name is to-day a 
household word among the afflicted in every State of the Union. The cause of its sudden 
notoriety, was the accidental discovery, some years since, by Col. Richard Dunbar, of the 
wonderful medical properties of an obscure spring in the immediate vicinity of the village, 
to which he gave the appropriate name of " Bethesda," in recognition of the wonderful 
and miraculous cures performed by its w^aters. 

Analysis of the water. — Impressed with the importance of the spring, Col. Dunbar's 
first step was to have a careful analysis of the water by Prof. C. F. Chandler, of Colum- 
bia College, New York, In one U. S. or wine gallon, of 231 cubic inches, he found the 
following proportions : 



Grains. 

Chloride of Sodium 1.160 

Sulphate of Potassa o-454 

Sulphate of Sodium 0.542 

Bicarbonate of Lim c 17. 022 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12 . 3SS 

Bicarbonate of Iron 0.042 



Grain.';. 

Bicarbonate of Soda 1.256 

Piiopphate of Soda a trace. 

Alumina o. 122 

Silica . — 0-74I 

Organic -\laticr 1.983 



Total 35 . 710 

BETHESDA SPRING PAVILION. 

Waukesha is situated twenty miles west of Milwaukee, and is reached in four hours from 
Chicago. According to the census of 1870, the town contained about 4,000 inhabitants, 
of whom more than 2,700 were natives of the United States, while of the village about 



12 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



2,000 were natives, and only 700 of foreign birth. The enumerated population of the 
villag^e, included only persons residing^ strictly within the lines of the corporation, and if 
those are counted who would naturally be classed as residents, the figures would probably 
be about 3,500. 




Nearly every citizen, wlio owns a piece of kind, has a spring or well upon it, which he 
claims as the best medicinal water in Waukesha. The old stand-by, however, is the 
" Bethesda," for the efficacy of the waters, of which testimonials pour in daily to such 
an extent that old residents become somewhat nauseated at seeing them, though there are 
few so audacious as to doubt the beneficent pi-operties of the sparkling, but tasteless, 
fiuid. 

Of churches there are enough in Waukesha to satisfy the most religiously inclined, 
whether they worship in German or English. 

Of hotels, tliere arc half a dozen, of which all but one are staid, demure hostelries ot 
the st>!e of fifty years ago, and the single exception is little better in appearance than the 
others, though its prices and inner arrangements are more metropolitan. Every private 
house, nearly, receives guests, at prices not varying much from five dollars per week for 
mom and bo.ird. In the summer, private houses and hotels are filled to ovei-flowing. 
When the Fountain House is opened, which is expected to happen in June, we have no 
doubt that the daintiest tastes can be gratified here in the way of hotel life. 

You should also buy your tickets to Milwaukee, via the Chicago & North-Western 
Railway, if you are destined for 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 13 

OCONOMOWOC, AVIS. 

The name Oconomowoc is from the Pottawatomie tongue, signifying Beavers' place. 
Another romantic rendering of the word mattes it " Beautiful Waters — Home of the 
Winds." Oconomowoc is distant from Milwaukee thirty-one miles, and from Chicago 
one hundred and sixteen miles. The population is 2,000. It is delightfully situated on 
Fowler's Lake and Lac La Belle, two of a chain of forty-four lakes, none of which are 
more than ten miles dist'-mt. Fowler's lake is 2S1 feet and Lac La Belle 273 feet 
above the level of Lake Michigan. Oconomowoc lake, 283 feet above the level of Lake 
Michigan, is distant about one mile. The drive between the lakes is a favorite one. A 
short walk from any of the hotel? brings the Tourist to the point where the waters of 
Fowler's lake, by a short and narrow outlet, spanned by a handsome bridge, escape by a 
considerable fall into Lac La Belle. Oconomowoc lies on the shores of these pretty 
lakes. Some tasteful residences are sprinkled on shores as fair as ever the sun shone on, 
and located on sites which are simply charming. The two lakes are about three miles in 
length. Boats ply on both lakes. A steamboat, capable of accommodating sixty pas- 
sengers, runs on Lac La Belle. Two islands dot this lake, one of nine acres and the 
other of four. The gravel beach'of the islands slopes gradually into the water and affords 
fine bathing grounds. The islands are favorite resorts for picnic parties, and visitors pass 
many days there. Mosquitoes are unknown. Good drives extend for miles, and the fish- 
ing is excellent. Mineral water, far famed, of uncloubted curative properties, and pleasant 
to the taste, flows freely for all. Located close to the shores of Fowler's lake are three 
first-class hotels ; The Townsend House, La Belle House, and Draper Hall. 

At Milwaukee you have the Milwaukee & Northern, and the Milwaukee, Lake Shore 
& Western Railroads to use, if you wish to reach points on those lines, and you have the 
new Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line, or North-Western Union Division of the 
Chicago <Sz North-Western Railway, to carry you to GranviHe, Germantown, West 
Bend, Kewaskum, New Cassell, Fond du Lac and Green L^ke. 

GREEN LAKE, (DARTFORD P. O.,) WIS., 

Is the name of a village situated on the banks of Green Lake, Wisconsin, and is accessi- 
ble by the Chicago & North-Western and the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railways, The 
public houses are first-class, and pleasant boarding places are readily obtained at the 
farm houses in the vicinity. The hotels have provided various means for amusing their 
guests. 

The natural scenery around Dartford is unrivaled in variety and beauty. Groves of 
primeval grandeur, far stretching prairies and extensive Lake views greet the eye from every 
point. The grounds around the Lake have been terraced, furnished with swings, prome- 
nades, and otherwise ornamented, to render them pleasant and attractive. The Lake 
averages a length of fifteen miles, and a width of three miles. Its banks vary from beau- 
tiful grassy slopes to high rocky cliffs, bordered with evergreens, presenting the greatest 
diversity of physical character, and affording unlimited natural advantages for pleasing 




iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiii;,;, ;» I', i : 1 1 1 1 im 'mm ak iliiil iilliill 



THE GREAT NORTinVEST. 15 

and romantic rambles. Its waters are very pure, and so transparent that their pebbly bed 
may be seen at a depth of from twenty to thirty-five feet. 

'J he principal hotel is " The Oakwood," and is spoken of as follows : 

THE OAKWOOD 

Is the name of a Villa situated on the banks of Green Lake, Wisconsin, and is accessi- 
ble by tlie Chicago & North-Western, and Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railways, the direct 
route from Chicago and Milwaukee. The location of this much sought Summer Resort 
and delightful Watering Place is only one mile from Green Lake Station and depot. Om- 
nibus and carriages await the arrival of all trains. 

The Oakwood House was opened June 15th, 1869, and furnished in the style of a 
First-Class House. The tables are unsurpassed by those of the best hotels in the United 
States. 

Games. Accommodations for all innocent and pleasant amusements have been amply 
provided. Great care has been taken in furnishing pastimes both for the parlor and lawn, 
for persons of all ages, so that the most indifferent cannot complain of ennui. 

New Attractions. In addition to former attractions, a new and beautiful Steamboat 
has been placed on Green Lake. Parties can visit any of the attractive places on its shores 
on short notice, with pleasure and comfort. 

Ponies, perfectly at home under the saddle, and in harness, expressly for ladies and chil- 
dren ; horses, carriages, and light buggies ; beautiful shady groves : health, comfort and 
happiness — and all at reasonable rates. 

To one of the most healthy locations upon the continent, shut away from the city where 
contagion spreads its blight, and disease spends its fury, individuals and families may re- 
sort, and spend a Summer with invigorating and pleasurable results. 

FOND DU liAC AIR LINE. 

By this route Fond du Lac is only sixty-three miles from Milwaukee, and 148 miles from 
Chicag'o. This branch was opened in September, 1S73, and already has the business over 
it so expanded that the management has placed through passenger cars between Chicago 
and Green Bay, via Fond du Lac and this new line. At Fond du Lac, close connections 
are made with the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad, and through cars are run over 
that line from Princeton [its western terminus], to Milwaukee via Fond du Lac and the 
Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line of the Chicago & North-Wcstern Railway. 

GREEN BAY AND I.AKE SUPERIOR I.INE. 

Wisconsin & Peninsular Divisions. 

The portion of this line lying between Chicago and Green Bay, is the oldest and most 
widely known of all the roads forming the present North-Western system. Here we have 
the original Chicago & North-Western Railway, and from its original length of 176 miles 



16 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



we have seen the system grow and expand into over 2,000 miles of road ! Leaving the Wis- 
consin Division depot, on the corner of Canal and Kinzie streets, Chicago, you soon reach 
Crystal I^ake, where j'ou leave this part of the line if you are destined for 

GKNEVA I.AKE. 

Geneva Lake, Wis., is reached from Chicago via the Chicago & North-Western Railway 
only. It is reached by the Wisconsin Division of this road, and Crystal Lake, and by this 
route is distant from Chicago 70 miles, or it is reached via the Freeport and Fox River lines 
via Elgin. By this route it is 85 miles from Chicago. Through trains run via both these 
routes. 

Geneva has but recently been reached by the railroad, and has sprung at once into 
notice as a delightful place for summer resort. The village, which is situated at the foot 
of the lake, contains some 1,200 or more inhabitants. Its superior water power is turned 
to good account by grist and other mills. It has five churches, a fine graded school, a 
boys' boarding school, an excellent ladies' seminary, and numerous business houses and 
comfortable residences. The recent improvements in its buildings and the spirit of enter- 
prise among its people are especially worthy of remark. It has three hotels, all well 
kept, viz: "The Lake," "The St. Denis," and " The Whiting House." The latter is 
an entirely new building, situated within a stone's throw of the lake, beautiful in its ex- 
terior, and finely arranged and finished within. It has broad piazzas, large public rooms, 
and fifty private rooms for its guests. 

Hills, retaining a portion of their native forest, surround the village on three sides, and 
from its centre spreads out towards the south a charming bay, nearly a mile in width, with 
high and wooded banks. Beyond the points which bound it, are seen the main lake and the 
southern shore about three miles away. Bending to the right, it extends southwestwardly 
some eight or nine miles, its width varying from half a mile to two miles at different 
points. Its banks are high and wooded, especially near its head, where they rise to bold 
bluffs. The water is principally derived from springs, and is pure and clear as crystal. 
The scenery of this lake can scarcely be surpassed for picturesqueness and beauty. 
Pleasure grounds have been nicely fitted up, with buildings and fountains and other con- 
veniences for picnic parties and summer visitors, in the shadj'^ groves at the head of the 
lake, and on its southern shore. 

The lake abounds in fish, such as pickerel, black and rock bass, perch, sun fish, etc. 
Como Lake and other smaller lakes, also full of fish, may be easily reached from the village. 
Small boats in great numbers are kept here for hire, and yachts and other sail boats con- 
stantly utilize the summer breezes. A nicely finished and well conducted steamboat, 
capable of accommodating three or four hundred passengers, was put upon the lake in 
1873, 3nd added much to its attractions. Facilities for bathing at the village are yet 
limited, but are soon to be increased. Hotel rates are, at the Lake House, $2 per day for 
transient visitors, and from $8 to $10 per week for boarders ; at the St. Denis, $2.50 per 
day for transient visitors, and from $10 to $15 per week for boarders ; and at the Whiting 
House, $3 per day for transient visitors, and from $12 to $17.50 per week for boarders. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 17 

Janesville, of Wisconsin towns one of the best known, lies ninety-one miles from 
Chicago, and is reached in three and a half hours. At this point you cross a branch of the 
Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, which runs westward to Monroe, Wis. 

At Milton Junction you cross the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad again, and from 
this point or Fort Atkinson you can reach 

PALMYRA, WIS. 

The Healing Waters of the Mineral Springs of Palnayra, Wis. 

It is a saying trite but true, " that each likes best to fish in his neighbor's stream," or, 
to give a more practical rendering, mankind everywhere are prone to go abroad in search 
of blessings that lie at their own door. This disposition is most signally exemplified by the 
crowds that annually flock to foreign shores in search of health and pleasure, while, ex- 
cluding ancient works of art, there is no country that offers either to tourist or invalid a 
field so rich and extensive, so replete with all that can charm the eye and allure the mind, 
as this our own continent. 

Europe can offer nothing superior in behalf of climate. In the area extending from Du- 
luth to Florida, including California, we have the corresponding degrees of climatic tem- 
perature of Russia, Germany, France, and Italy. Withal, recent investigation has led 
to the discovery that in our midst are healing waters rivaling the world-renowned mineral 
springs of England and of Germany, which they are said to resemble, and hundreds of 
invalids are annually reaping the benefit of these wonderful medicinal laboratories of 
nature, where pills, powders, and potions, suited to all forms and conditions of disease, 
are compounded and diff'used through this element so essential to our existence, and with 
skill so subtle as to evade the keenest sense. 

There are two groups of springs at this place, diff"ering somewhat in their chemical 
properties, and both claiming their special devotees. Several are chalybeate, while others 
are strongly impregnated with the diff"erent chlorides, bicarbonates, and sulphates. 

And here is found one of the most notable of all objects of interest yet discovered in 
this region, and that excites unceasing wonder. Imagine an expanse of water covering an 
area of one-fourth of an acre, and from one to two feet in depth. Rowing out a few yards 
you find yourself suddenly looking down into a cave twenty-five feet in length and twelve 
across, the sides perpendicular, and covered with verdant foliage. The color of the water 
next attracts your attention, which appears of the most delicate opaline tints. To your 
exclamation of astonishment the guide points upward, and the beautiful phenomena is re- 
vealed in the crystalline purity of the water that reflects with charming fidelity the azure 
sky above your head. At the bottom of the cave, fifteen feet below the surface, the fine 
white sand boils and bubbles unceasingly like a seething mammoth caldron. You call it 
sand because you have no other name for it, but it has none of the characteristics of sand. 
Housekeepers despise it, for it will not scour. The microscope reveals a mass of minute 
crystal globules, reflecting in the sun all the prismatic hues. And here is the source of the 
spring. Its finny inhabitants seem suspended in air, and fish apparently no longer than 
your hand rise to the surface-pictured twenty inches in length. 



THE GKEAT XOKTHWEST. 



But even this does not exhaust our subject, and at the risk of being tedious we cannot 
refrain from calling the attention of the scientist, and especially the geologist, to this vast 
field. But a few days since we plucked from those ice-incrusted hills several stones, upon 
whose smooth white surface was imbedded sprays of the delicate moss whose birth is in 
the tropic seas. The microscope identified it as the same as that brought us a few months 
ince from the shore of San Diego, Cal. How came it here, thousands of miles from its 
native clime ? Does it not hint eloquently of those embryotic epochs that mark the 
primitive history of our continent ? 

Within the distance of a pleasant morning walk to the south of the village, the horizon 
is bounded by a low range of hills, extending some twenty miles. The soil, of concrete, 
differs totally from that of the surrounding country of hill and plain, which is alternately 
dry yellow sand and rich black loam, 'i'hese bluffs are in clusters, oval in form, and rise in 
rapid succession from the plain, irregular, abrupt, like billows of the ocean in a strong gale. 
Here we find other evidence of marine existence in the shells that lie scattered upon the 
surface, as well as the presence of large boulders of various dimensions brought hither by 
the action of ice at some remote period. 

To reach this point you should buy your ticket via the Chicago & North-Western Rail- 
way to Milton Junction, Wis., or to Milwaukee. Proceeding northward, 

WatertoAvn, Minnesota Junction, and Burnett Junction are soon passed, and 
Fond tlu Lac is reached. This town is at the junction of Wisconsin Division of the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway, and its Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line branch. 
See description of this town on other pages. 

Passengers going to Fond du Lac, or to any point north thereof, can go via Janesville, or 
via Milwaukee, as they wish. Tickets reading over the Chicago iff North-lVestern 
Railway are good by either Route. Note these routes on the attached map. On another 
page we have something more to say about this new Air Line from Milwaukee. 

Leaving Fond du Lac, and still going northward, you pass through Oshkosh, and reach 
Menasha and Neenah. Menasha is on the east, and Neenah on the west bank of the Fox 
river, of Wisconsin. At Menasha terminates a branch of the Milwaukee & Northern 
Railroad, and at Neenah begins the Wisconsin Central Railroad, which runs from this 
point northwestwardly towards the head of Lake Superior. Passengers for Gill's Land- 
ing, Waupaca, Amherst, Stevens Point or Salem, should take the Chicago & 
North-Western Railway at Chicago, and leave it at Neenah. Close connections are 
made with the trains of the Wisconsin Central Railroad. At Appleton you reach the 
western terminus of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad, which runs from 
Milwaukee along the lake shore north to Manitowoc and Two Rivers, and thence due west 
to Appleton. The trains of this road make close connection with those of the North-West- 
ern at Appleton ; and at Milwaukee, besides connecting closely, they run into and start 
from the depot of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



THE GREAT KOllTnAVEST. 19 



GREEN BAY, WIS., 

Opposite Fort Howard, which is a Station on the Chicago & North-Western Railway, 242 
miles from Chicago. Green Bay is on the east bank of Fox river, one mile from where it 
empties into the bay from which the town of Green Bay takes its name. A fine bridge 
connects Fort Howard with Green Bay. The bay and river afford a perfectly secure har- 
bor, and make this the principal shipping point for Northern Wisconsin. The dense forests 
of pine in the surrounding country supply large quantities of timber for export. The 
population is 8,000. The climate is mild and exhilarating in summer. The cool nights 
cause mosquitoes to give the place a wide berth. There is excellent fishing in the bay and 
river, and every facility for boating. At this point, the river is a quarter of a mile broad. 
The bay is dotted with little islands covered with forests, and admirably adapted for pic- 
nic and pleasure parties. The adjacent woods are filled with partridge, woodcock, pigeon 
and deer in their season, while the bay and river abound in the water-fowl peculiar to this 
northern latitude. Neighboring streams are stocked with speckled trout, and the tributa- 
ries of the bay furnish excellent bass fishing. The place is the most notable in the State 
for the gaiety of its people and select parties. The opera house, or one of the other halls 
is generallj' occupied by one of the Chicago theatre companies. Small steamers, yachts 
and boats, of all kinds, are to be had for trips on the river and bay. I'he place is a favor- 
ite summer resort for parties from Chicago, St. Louis, the South and East, The best hotels 
are the FIRST NATIONAL HOTEL and BEAUMONT. They are large, most ele- 
gant and well located, with accommodations for 150 guests each. Carriages, sail boats, and 
guides to trout streams and surrounding attractions, can always be had on application at 
the hotel offices. The management give every attention to their guests and strive to make 
their stay here comfortable and pleasant. The hotels are specially fitted up for summer 
visitors, and are conducted with a view to their entertainment, and securing their patron- 
age everj'^ season. Terms reasonable. Rooms can be engaged by the day, week or 
month. 

Still pushing northward, you skirt along the western shore of Green Bay, and pass 
Big Suainico, Little Suaniieo, Pensankee, Oconto and Peshtigo, all large 
lumbering points. The country you pass through between Green Bay and the mouth 
of the Menomonee river, is that rendered painfully historical on account of the fearful 
sufferings sustained by its people from the great forest fires of the fall of 1871. It will 
be remembered that most of this country was burned over at this time ; nearly all of the 
towns along the west shore of Green Bay were destroyed, and hundreds of persons lost 
their lives in the fires. Owing to the admirable ptish and energy of citizens, the towns 
have been rebuilt, and already most of the traces of the fire have been effaced. Two 
hundred and ninety-one miles from Chicago, and on the south bank of the Menomonee 
river, you reach Marinette. Here you cross the river on a substantial bridge, and reach 
Menomonee, Michigan. You will note that the Menomonee river forms the boundary be- 
tween the States of Wisconsin and Michigan. 



20 



THE GKEAT NORTHWEST. 



PENSAUKEE, WIS. 

Pensaukee is situated on the west shore of Green Bay, 25 miles north of Green Bay 
City, and 5 miles south of Oconto City, on the line of Chicago &. North-Western Railway. 
Asa resort for pleasure seekers and sportsmen it cannot be excelled by any point in 
Northern Wisconsin. In June and July the streams abound with trout, and Green Bay 
affords better bass fishing than any point on the entire chain of lakes. In September, 
October and November, there is an abundance of deer, duck and snipe in the immediate 
vicinity of the hotel. 

At Pensaukee you will find the 




PENSAUKEE HOUSE. 

This is a new house built by F. B. Gardner, Esq., expressly for the summer tourists 
who wish to spend a few days or weeks here. The house is 100 by 90 feet, and three 
stories high ; can accommodate 75 persons comfortably. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 31 



MARINETTE, MICH. 

From this point you follow along the west side of the " Green Bay," an inland sea, it 
might well be called, and passing through a densely timbered yet very beautiful country, 
you finally reach Escanaba, situated on the Little Bay de Noque, 357 miles from Chicago, 
and seventy-six miles from Marquette. 

ESCANABA. 

This is one of the pleasantest summer resorts there is in the West. The water of the 
bay, clear as crystal, washes the streets of the city on two sides, while the Escanaba river 
forms the third, and the aromatic " Piney Woods " close well down on the other side. The 
Tilden House offers quiet and comfortable quarters for tourists who may wish to spend 
days or weeks here fishing, boating or bathing. White Fish Bay in this vicinity offers 
rare sport for the fishermen, and every little stream (and they are numerous) are almost 
alive with the ever beautiful brook (spotted) trout. From Escanaba excursions are fitted 
out in various directions. Those not caring for fishing can take to the " woods," and 
find bear and deer in abundance, to say nothing of ducks, geese, brants, partridges, and 
smaller feathered game. 

This is now a favorite summer resort to the people of Chicago, it has a population of 
3,000 inhabitants, and is adjacent to the vast mineral regions, for which this section of 
the country is renowned. 

The hotel accommodations are unsurpassed. The " Tilden House " is the largest, 
and first-class in all its appointments, and located immediately on the bay shore ; sur- 
rounded by beautiful groves and parks, laid off in flower beds and beautiful serpentine 
walks and carriage drives ; being well supplied with boats — both rowing and sailing — 
fishing tackle, and professional guides in readiness to convey guests to the trout streams. 

The Luddington House has accommodations for 100 guests. 

The climate of Escanaba is unsurpassed. During the hottest of the summer months 
the thermometer ranges at about eighty degrees, averaging but sixty-five degrees dur- 
ing the entire summer season. The place is rapidly becoming one of the most popular 
summer resorts of the Lake Superior district, and, from present indications, the coming 
season promises to eclipse all previous ones in point of visitors from all sections of the 
country. 

To sportsmen, fond of hunting or angling — the naturalist in quest of the curious and 
wonderful in nature, in connection with the iron, silver, lead, copper, and gold deposits 
of Lake Superior — the business man, seeking rest and health in a pure invigorating air — 
Escanaba offers unsurpassed advantages. 

At Escanaba are extensive mineral docks owned by the railroad, and into which 
(through the spring, summer, and fall months), from 700 to 800 cars, daily ^ of iron ore and 
pig iron are deposited, the daily average being about 7,000 tons. From these docks vessek 



22 THE GREAT K01?TirWEST. 

load for all the ports of the lower lakes. Leaving Escanaba, you go northwesterly and soon 
reach the great mineral region of the northern peninsula of Michigan. Here you have 
numerous mines and smelting furnaces, and here is annually produced hundreds of thou- 
sands of tons of pig iron and iron ore. 

Our stay at Escanaba being ended, we take the cars again and hasten toward the crystal 
waters of Lake Superior, which we reach at the point where they are said to have been 
first seen by Father Marquette in his journey through the wilderness. We pass through 
Negaunee, a seat of immense iron works, and the diverging point of the Marquette, Hough- 
ton & Ontonagon Railroad, which here runs westward towards Ishpeming and Michigam- 
mi and L'Anse. The entire country in this vicinity is famed for its iron mines. Thou- 
sands of tons of the Lake Superior iron ore are shipped through Negaunee to Escanaba, 
or to Marquette, where it finds ready shipment to Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo, or Chi- 
cago, by vessels engaged in that trade. Months could profitably be spent here in 
investigating the wonders of this region. In 1873 forty (40) mines shipped 1,166,297 
tons of ore, valued at $5,912,330 at the mine, while fourteen (14) furnaces made 66,195 
tons of pig metal, valued at $3,575,725 at the furnace. Since 1856 these mines have 
shipped 5,537,373 tons of ore, valued at $44,373,833, and the furnaces have made and 
shipped 357,880 tons of pig metal, valued at $17,994,000. 

NEGAUNEE. 

Negavinee is 420 miles from Chicago, and twelve from Marquette, and is near the cen- 
tre of the Iron country. West of that point you have Ishpeming, Champion, and L'Anse. 
North of Negaunee, twelve miles, is Marquette, a beautiful and flourishing city on 
the south shore of Lake Superior. Here, as at Escanaba, are extensive mineral docks, 
and from this port large shipments of pig iron and iron ore are annually made to all parts 
of the United States. Hurriedly we have sketched the route of the Green Bay and Lake 
Superior line of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and it will be seen that you can- 
not reach the southern shore of Lake Superior, Marquette, or the iron region of North- 
ern Michigan, without passing over the North-Western Railway. In this field it has 
neither competition nor neighbor. 

MARQUETTE. 

Situated on the south shore of Lake Superior, at the eastern terminus of the Marquette, 
Houghton & Ontonagon R. R., and is the centre of the great iron region of Lake Superior. 
The principal business interest is that of mining. Among the larger firms may be noted 
the Bancroft Iron Co., the Cleveland Iron Co., the Collins Iron Co., the Lake Superior Iron 
Co., Iron Mountain Mining Co., Marquette Iron Co., New England Mining Co., Morgan 
Iron Co., New York Iron Mine, Pittsburg & Lake Angeline Iron Co., and the Washington 
Iron Co. It has also a few large manufacturing firms, the Marquette Manufacturing Co., 
planing mill, sash, doors, and blinds, etc., the Marquette & Pacific Rolling Mill Co., Mer. 
rill & Osborne Foundry, one saw mill, with several others of less importance, and a num. 
ber of general stores. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 23 



Marquette is well supplied wiiii excellent hotels ami large summer boarding houses, 
where comfortable and luxurious rooms and unexcelled board can be procured at very 
reasonable prices. The city is beautifully located on theBay of Marquette, which is a deep 
indentation of the shores of the lake. The town is well built, its streets wide and clean, 
and well paved. Its people are refined, educated, and extremely sociable and kindly. A 
large proportion of the permanent residents are of Eastern birth, who have brought with 
them to this far Northern spot all the thrift and genius and push of their old homes, and 
have well used the talents with which they were gifted by kindly nature. You see evidences 
of this fact in the fine business houses, elegant homes and public places they have 
made and well sustain. On the bay you have unequaled facilities for boating, and its 
waters are filled with gavtey fish which seem eager to reward the angler, as they are 
caught in great abundance with but little labor. A few miles out in the bay are several 
large islands covered with virgin forests. These islands are favorite resorts for picnic 
parties, who reach them by sail boats, by steamer or by small row boats, of which any 
number almost may be hired in Marquette at any time. 

For the invalid or for the rei^-dent of our Southern States, Marquette offers many 
inducements as a summer resort. Its air Is pure and clear, its days not hot, its nights 
pleasantly cool, and yet not cold, and its healthfulness unquestioned. 

From Marquette you can take steamer for Hancock and Houghton on the Kewenaw 
peninsula, ,/)r for Sault St. Mary, for Isle Roj'-al, St. Ignace Island, Fort William, or any 
point on the north shore of Lake Superior. On that shore you will find nature in all her 
wildness. The white man's arts and vr&ys have not yet penetrated its wilds, and the Indian 
with his peculiar ways can be found without seeking far. This Indian is not the savage 
of the plains or mountains, but him who has been tamed by the kindly teachings of the 
patient Catholic missionary, who has been a dweller in the tents of the uncultured child 
of the forest for generations, and who has lived there really and truly for the Indian's good, 
and not for the white man's aggrandizement, as is too often the case with the so-called 
friend of the Indian. No finer trout fishing is to be found anywhere on the broad earth 
than can be found on the north shore of this great inland ocean. Speckled trout, weighing 
from five to twelve pounds, are often caught by the few adventurous spirits who have for 
several years sought these favored shores. The rivers Nipigon and Michapacoton are the 
best known of the trout streams of the north shore. Guides to these streams can be easily 
hired at Marquette, and fishing parties be fitted out with little expense or labor. And 
here we might drop a hint that may be useful to the stranger: Take an Indian for your 
guide if you go to the North shore to fish ; see that you get one who does not love " fire 
water," and one that is not afraid of work. Plenty of lazy white men will tender their 
services, and boast of their knowledge and skill, but touch them not. They are utterly 
worthless, either in your boat or out of it. 

L'ANSE. 

Thi.> town is situated at the head of the Bay of Kewenaw, west of Marquette, and can 
be reached from there by rail or by steamer. It is a new town, but of growing importance, 



24 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



as it is the western terminus of the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, and the 
shipping point for a large territory tributary to it on the west. 

HOUGHTON AND HANCOCK, 

Situated on the Kewenaw peninsula, are towns of considerable size. They are on oppo- 
site sides of the river, and are rivals in trade and aspirations. From Hancock northward 
for twelve miles runs a railroad terminating at the Calumet mine. To the curious in 
regard to the mineral wealth of our country the vicinity of these towns offers a large field 
for investigation. 

MARQUETTE TO DUI.UTH, VIA THE NEW LINE OF SIDE- 
WHEEL STEAMERS. 

These elegant boats leave Marquette in the morning, and pass by the Huron islands^ 
Manitou Island, around Kewenaw Point, past Fort William, Eagle Harbor, Eagle River, 
Ontonagon, the Pewabic Copper Mines, Copper Harbor, Ashland, Bayfield, and so up to 
Fond du Lac and Duluth. We have an attractive trip on magnificent boats over the largest 
lake in the world. Lake Superior is noted for its clear, cold water (it being so clear that 
from the deck of the steamer you can plainly see the great lake trout playing in the water 
forty feet below the surface) ; you pass within sight of the shores of the lake, which are 
in many places mountainous, and clothed in the verdure of the pine, hemlock, spruce, fir, 
and other evergreen trees. A more delightful trip for the hot days of summer cannot be 
had within the bounds of the American continent. The steamers are large, staunch, finely 
equipped, and commanded by officers whose superiors in courtesy and kindness cannot be 
found anywhere. This trip alone is worth, to the lover of nature, more than the price 
charged for any ticket noted in these pages. 

DULUTH. 

County seat of St. Louis county, Minn., situated at the head of Lake Superior and at the 
northern terminus of the Lake Superior & Mississippi Railway, and the eastern ter- 
minus of the Northern Pacific Railroad. The location of round house, machine, car and 
repair shops, etc. 

Here at the " zenith city of the unsalted seas," we are on the shores of "Gitchie Gumie," 
— the big sea water of the ancient Dakotas, and are in the parts being made famous by the 
building of the great northern route to the Pacific ocean. 

Some months ago a number of gentlemen connected with the Eastern Press made an 
excursion to the lands of the Northern Pacific R. R., and in their report they say : 

" The first place visited was Duluth, and that lively, self-confident, and promising little 
city seems to have won the applause of the whole party. Gov. Bross expressed about the 
average verdict when he wrote the following to the Chicago Tribune. And this estimate 
of the future of Duluth is the more significant coming from a representative of Chicago, 
some of whose citizens have chosen to look upon Duluth as a rising competitor for the 
grain trade of the New Northwest. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 26 

" 'About four o'clock on Thursday afternoon (July 20), our steamer reached the whart 
of the new city of Duluth, the terminus of a railway from St. Paul, and also the lake ter- 
minus of the Northern Pacific R'y- When the location of Duluth was first pointed out to 
the writer, on the map, having seen it sixteen years ago, the cost of building adequate 
docks seemed an insuperable difficulty in the way of becoming a great city. But the cut- 
ting of the canal through Minnesota Point, 250 feet wide, into the Bay of Superior, will 
give Duiuth one of the best 0/ harbors. By a southeast and east or northeast wind, the 
only direction to be feared, a vessel will run directly into the harbor, and of course be safe. 
The canal is open ; steamers pass through it, and docks are being put down on either 
side. 

" 'Duluth is only some two years old ; and j'et its citizens now claim a population of 4,<X)o. 
It has schools and churches, a very fine hotel, the Clark House, and several smaller ones ; 
manufactories, and in a very short time will have gas and water works, and all the appur- 
tenances of a city. It is finely situated on a beautiful slope, rising not too abruptly, af- 
fording perfect drainage and a magnificent view of the lake. The enterprise and the ener- 
gy of her people have accomplished wonders for Duluth. Does some venerable croaker 
ask, ' Is this to become a great city ?' Certainly it is. He knows little of the vast fertile 
country north and west of Lake Superior who will not admit her location to be better than 
that of Detroit, Cleveland, or Buffalo. Give that country population— and population it 
will have within the next quarter of a century— and the position of Duluth alongside of 
these cities is at once assured.' " 

CHICAGO AND ST. PAUL I.INE. 

Madison Division and West Wisconsin Railroad. 

Depot, corner Canal and Kinzie Sts., Chicago. 

Our Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis line, is composed of the old Madison Division 
of the Northwestern Railway, (Chicago to Madison, 140 miles) of the " Madison Extension" 
of same line, (Madison to Elroy, 72 miles) built and opened last spring ; of the West Wis- 
consin Railway, (Elroy to St. Paul, 197 miles) and the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad, (St. 
Paul to Minneapolis and St. Anthony, 11 miles,) making a through line between Chicago 
and St. Paul of 409 miles, and Chicago and Minneapolis and St. Anthony of 420 miles. 
One management controls the route., and trains run through to St. Paul without 
change 0/ cars. By an examination of the attached map it will be seen that this line 
runs nearly due northwest from Chicago to St. Paul, and is but a few miles longer than 
an air line, and it is the shortest practical route over which a railroad line can be 
built between these points. This assures the passenger the quickest time that can be 
made. No other route is now or can be made as direct. 

Leaving the Canal & Kinzie streets depot of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, 
you pass through many pleasant villages, such as Irving Park, Desplaines, Barnngton, 
Crystal Lake, and Woodstock, and reach Harvard, (62 miles from Chicago,) where you 
cross the track of the Kenosha & Rockford Division of this company's lines. At Cale* 



26 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 

donia, ^^77 miles out,) you cross another branch of this road. At Beloit, (93 miles from 
Chicago,) you cross the Western Union Railroad, and enter the State of Wisconsin. At 
Hanover, (106 miles from Chicago,) you cross the Monroe branch of the Milwaukee & 
St. Paul Road, running from this point to Monroe, 27 miles distant. 

THE LAKE COUNTRY. 

At Madison you are 140 miles from Chicago, and at the capital of Wisconsin, a city of 
over fifteen thousand people. 

The city is pleasantly situated on an isthmus about three-fourths of a mile wide, between 
lakes Mendota and Monona, in the centre of a broad valley, surrounded by heights from 
which it can be seen at a distance of several miles. Lake Mendota lies northwest of the 
town, is six miles long and four miles wide, with clean, gravelly shores, and a depth suffi- 
cient for navigation by steamboats. Lake Monona is somewhat smaller. 

At this point you reach a branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, which runs ' 
northward to Portage City. 

THE CITY OF MADISOX. 

A great many efforts have been made to depict the beauties of the location, but no words 
can convey an adequate idea of what is, indeed, indescribable. The reason of this is that 
every new point of observation creates a shifting panorama — that no two exhibit the 
same scener}'. From any considerable elevation, a circuit of nearly thirty miles in every 
direction is visible. Four lakes lie embosomed like gems, shining in the midst of groves 
of forest trees, while the gentle swells of the prairies, dotted over by fields and farms, lend 
a charm to the view which words cannot depict. From the dome of the Capitol to the 
dome of the State University, the whole bearing and aspect of the country is so changed 
as scarcely to be recognized as identical. On the west, the lofty peak of the West Blue 
Mound, twenty-five miles away, towers up against the sky, like a grim sentinel guarding 
the gateway toward the setting sun, while the intermediate setting is filled in with swelling 
hills, majestic slopes, levels, and valleys of rivers and rivulets. Madison is the centre of a 
circle whose natural beauties compass all that is charming to the eye, grateful to the senses, 
pleasing to the imagination, and which from its variety and perfection, never grows tedious 
or tiresome to the spectator. The good taste of the citizens has preserved the native forest 
trees, so that its dwellings are embowered in green, and buried in foliage in the proper 
season, to that extent that the whole city cannot be seen from any point of view. It is, in 
itself, unique, like its surroundings, and the transient traveler gains no conception of 
the place by barely passing through it. 

SOME OF THE ATTRACTIONS OF MADISON. 

The city of Madison has a population of about fifteen thousand inhabitants, and the 
county of which it is the centre, about sixty-five thousand. It is, therefore, neither too 
large for comfort or quiet, nor small enougli for that inquisitive obstrusiveness that mark 
the mere village. Thirty years' accumulations in every department of science, art, and the 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



27 



elegances of life in all its phases, have given tone to society, and insured a cordiality and 
heartiness of welcome, of all things most agreealile to the fetranger. As a State capital, it 
has drawn to itself a body of citizens noted for large and comprehensive views, refinement 
and wealth. Here the educational system of the State has its seat and centre. Here all 
jhe principal conventions of all kinds meet and hold their sessions. Here will be found al' 
the great scientific collections, libraries, laboratories and means and apparatus of knowl- 
edge, so that no intelligent class of visitants can visit the place and not experience a 
personal affinity and sympathy, whatever their calling. 

Amusement and recreation are provided for in nearly every form. During the season, 
the Opera, Theatrical performances, Musical Associations, and perambulating shows, 
afford constant variety. If rowing or boat-riding is desired, crafts of all kinds abound, 
from the fancy shell to the yacht or steamer. A great variety of fish swarm in the lakes 
and rivers during the whole season, while water fowl and game abound upon both land 
and water, affording an unlimited field for sport. For the speckled trout alone one must 
go west of the Blue Mounds, or visit the tributaries of the Kickapoo, the Pine, or La 
Crosse rivers. 




PARK HOTEL, MADISON, WIS. 

This new and elegant Hotel is situated on the highest point of ground in the centre ot 
the City of Madison, directly opposite the State Capitol, and every window commands a 



38 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 

magnificent view of the celebrated Lakes Mendota, Monona, Waubesa and Kegonsa, 
which surround the City. The House has all the modern improvements— is furnished in 
a superior and most substantial manner, with velvet and Brussels carpets, black walnut 
and marble top furniture, spring beds and hair mattresses throughout. The rooms and 
corridors are large and well ventilated. 

Summer Kates for 1874. 

Board, per week, for two weeks and over, $14.00, $17.50 and $20.00, according to 
accommodation. 

Special arrangements with families for the season. 

I^" Special reductions from Summer Rates made for the months of Maj^ and June. 

I^"B. Jefferson & Co. 's Omnibuses and Baggage Wagons in attendance on arrival of 
all trains. 
Every effort will be made to secure the comfort and pleasure of guests. 

MARK H. IRISH, Proprietor. 

At 176 miles from Chicago, and 36 miles from Madison, you reach the celebrated 
Devil's Lake. 

THE DEVIL'S LAKE. 

Prominent among the summer resorts of the Northwest stands the "Devil's Lake," in 
Sauk county, Wis., thirty-six miles north of Madison, and one hundred and seventy-six miles 
from Chicago, on the Madison Division of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. It is 
reached directly by two daily lines of palace cars, that leave Chicago morning and night, 
and stop in front of the hotels that have been opened for the use of the summer tourists 
who flock to the place. 

The bluffs of the Wisconsin at the point where the Baraboo river embouches into the 
valley, are six hundred feet in height. In the midst of this enormous rocky stratum is a 
deep fissure or gorge, depressed over four hundred feet from the surface, hemmed in by 
mighty precipices, which constitute the basin of a body of water, about a mile and a half 
in length by a half mile in breadth, known as the Devil's Lake. It reposes like a dew 
drop in its mighty casket, and from its profound depths reflects the dark shadows of the 
beetling crags that environ it. The level of the waters is one hundred and ninety feet 
above the Wisconsin river, and it is supposed that the bottom reaches below that of the 
river. There is not in the West a sample of as bold, rugged, and striking scenery, or one 
more pleasing to the tourist. The country about has been the former seat of intense 
igneous action, and it is generally supposed that the cavity was created by the sinking of 
the bottom through volcanic agency. This is not, probably, correct, but no explanation of 
the origin of this strange lake has ever been vouchsafed, at least no satisfactory one. A 
two hours ride on the cars from Madison will land the visitor directly upon the shore, anel 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



39 



a small steamer will give him every opportunity for exploration. The whole section is 
wild and full of interest. 




Kailroail Ciussing- Uevils JLi^ke. 

The lake is one of the most wonderful and romantic spots in existence, and nothing to 
compare with it can be seen east of the Rocky mountains. It has an abiding attraction 
for tourists, who return to it again and again to admire and enjoy it, to wonder at it and to 
puzzle over it. Here, ages ago, probably some terrible internal convulsion rent the earth's 
surface, and piled various strata of rock, of immense size, from 300 to 600 feet high, and 



30 



THE GKEAT NORTHWEST. 



disposed it in every conceivable fantastic form. Within the basin thus made lies nestled 
a beautiful, placid lake of clear, pure water, which reflects on its mirror-like surface the 
rugged and awe-inspiring barriers which environ it. It has no visible inlet or outlet. It 
abounds in fish. This marvelous place has attracted the attention of geologists and 
scientific men for many years, and various theories exist regarding its formation, but not 
one which has met with general acceptance, or which appears to satisfactorily explain it. 
Increasing numbers of tourists include it in their round now that it has become so easily 
accessible by rail. 




Devil's l"'ootstool at Devil'is JLake, Wis. 



titE anEAT NOTlTnWESf. 



31 



This beautiful body of water, is surrounded with precipitous mountains on every side, 
except at two points, one being at the southern end, where the raihoad enters the lake 
basin, and the other at the northern end, Where the railroad finds exit from the basin of the 
lake. On every side of the lake you see "rock piled on rock" in every conceivable form, 




Pyramid Kock— Devil's Lake. 

and in immense columns, pillars, piles and masses of very great magnitude and height. 
The railroad runs along the shore of the lake on a bed that was literally blasted out of 
the sides of the mountain. From the car windows all the beauties of this wonderful and 
weirdly mysterious region can readily be seen. This was the home of Minncvvaukeen, a 



82 THE GREAT NOTlTirWiiSt, 



beautiful but unfortunate Indian maiden, and many legends are related of her by the 
simple hearted and kindly people of the vicinity. This lake is a favorite summer resort, 
and to it the people for many miles around come for picknicking, sailing, boating, fishing, 
and other sports. 

Persons holding through tickets over this lirle. Can stop off* at this point, and resume 
their journey at pleasure. 

Two or more good hotels are found at this point. Good accommodations are off'ered the 
summer tourist at very reasonable rates. 

The following are some of the places worth visiting when you are at Devil's Lake : 

Look-Out-Rock, about eighty rods east of the Minne-Waukeen House. Elephant Rock, 
close to the hotel. Wild Cat Cave, near the top of the bluff, on the east side of the lake. 
Turk's Head, on the west bluff. Monument Rock, near by. Eagle Rock and the 
" BeaCon Pines" form conspicuous landmarks. The Pewit's Nest and " Old Sliady," 
are also shown the curious. Then you want to visit the Upper Skillet Falls, the Palfrey 
Gorge and Dorwood Glen. 

Speaking of this lake, a recent visitor says : 

" I walked through a belt of timber, and suddenly came upon a low, sandy beach, and 
before me lay a scene of surpassing loveliness ; Devil's Lake, apparently asleep, the last 
lingering rays of the sun playing fondly upon its motionless and glassy surface, adding 
those tints and colorings which only the rich and prodigal hand of nature can trace. As 
my delighted eye glanced over it, and up at the high stony cliffs to the east, the south and 
the west, now bathed in departing sunlight; as I watched the sun sinking behind the western 
hill, and again saw the lake in the uncertain twilight, I wondered how any but ideas of 
beauty could be associated with it ; how it happened that the Indian had mus named it ; 
how the cultured white could see in it a hideous spectacle like unto a lost soul ! 

" The next morning it presented a different aspect. Its thousand acres of v.ater tossed 
against the rocks of their angular enclosure, as if illy brooking confinement ; b ack clouds 
hovered above the huge piles of dark grey stones which rise abruptly from the water five 
or six hundred feet on three sides, throwing dismal black shadows upon the pictu e of the 
night before. I had just begun to realize the dark, almost grim side which I had c njured 
up, when, as if by magic, the noonday sun dashed the whole scene with splendors, pouring 
such a flood of light upon it that all shadows Were instantly dissipated, and I left to enjoy 
the change. 

" After much exploration, I am free to confess that I think there is a lake in the vicinity 
of Baraboo, Sauk county, with neither inlet nor outlet, which fully deserves to be placed 
in the category of orthodox wonders." 

At Uaniboo, (177 miles from Chicago,) you reach the Baraboo river, and from thence 
pass along its valley for many miles. 

At Elroy you are 212 miles from Chicago, and at the southern terminus of the West 
Wisconsin Railway — also at the point where our Minnesota Division begins, and which 
runs northwestward until you reach Lake Kampeska, in Dakota, (625 miles from Chicago). 
Of this division wc speak elsewhere. From Elroy you hasten northward on the new and 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



admirable track of the West Wisconsin road, and soon reach the great pine woods, which 
have rendered Wisconsin celebrated the world over. Into the heart of the pine lumber 
region you speed, passing through Black River Falls, Humbird, Augusta, Eau Claire, Me-> 
nomonee, and other noted lutnber towns, and finally cross the River St. Croix at Hudson* 
This river is the dividing line between Wisconsin and Minnesota. From Hudson you have 
a branch line to Richmond, some twelve miles north. A few miles beyond you reach a 
branch to Stillwater, a flourishing town on the St. Croix river. A fifteen mile ride brings 
you to 8t. Paul, and here you rest or push on eleven miles further to the active, bustling 
cities of Minneapolis and St. Anthony. 

ST. PAUL, MINN. 

Minnesota has so long been celebrated for its dry, healthful and invigorating' climate, 
and has been so well brought before the notice of health and pleasure seekers, that it is 
useless for us to take up your time with any lengthy description of the State, its cities, or 
in fact, anything relating thereto,we feel sure all that you need to know is where to go and 
how to get there, and your own good judgment or choice will supply the rest. 

St. Paul is he largest city in the State, and is ^/i<? /<?/;// to go to first ; from that point 
you can reach all other summer resorts in the State. This city is well supplied witli good 
hotels and first-class boarding houses, in which the summer visitor can find all the com-' 
forts and accommodations he may wish, or that can he had at any other point. The 
charges for board are very reasonable, in fact you can live there cheaper than you can live 
at home. 

From St. Paul you can, in one hour or less, reach Minneapolis and St. Anthony, by 
the St. Paul & Pacific R. R. Several trains are run each day between these points and St, 
Paul. Around St. Paul, and within easy carriage driving distance, you will find the Falls 
of St. Anthony, Minnehaha Falls, Carver's Cave, Fountain Cave, White Bear Lake, the 
Bridal Veil Falls, Lake Como, Foi't Snelling, the Fawn's Leap, and so on. A short dis- 
tance further off, hut within easy access from St. Paul, are the beautiful Lakes Harriet and 
Calhoun, Lake Minnetonka, Cedar Lake, the Lake of the Isles, Twin Lakes, Crystal Lake, 
and many others " too numerous to mention.'" Each has beauties peculiarly its own. All 
are full of fine fish ; and boats can be had for fishing or sailing at any time during the sea- 
son. On the shores of most of these lakes are hotels specially fitted up for summer 
visitors, and around all the lakes are fine farms, in the homes of which you are alwa3's 
welcome, and where you can lioard for the summer, or for a few days, or a few weeliS, at 
nearly nominal rates. Here lies the great advantage of going to Minnesota to sf end your 
summer vacations, the cost oj living even in the best hotels is so small, that the resident of an 
eastern or southern city can save, in board alo7ie, more than it will cost him to reach this 
favored region. 

In any of the quiet country homes that so thickly and beautifully dot this northern land, 
you have tresh milk and fresh butter, fresh eggs and sweet bread, fish in aliundance, fine 
shady drives, and pleasant walks. You can rest and take comfort, and enjoy life to the 
fullest extent. 



34 THE GREAT nohthwest 



For those who leave home for a summer of dissipation, of halls and parties, and hite 
hours and fashion's show, with all of its accompanying frivolity and worlhlessness, tliis 
is not the place to seek thgm, and seek them as you may you cannot find them here. It is 
the place, however, for those who want to enjoy themselves, to rest, to gain health and 
strength, and relaxation, and to fit themselves for their busy lives at their homes during 
the balance of the year. 

For sicklv children or babes in their teething trials, this country is eminently the place, 
The air is pure and clearj the food is abundant and nourishing, and the water pure and 
limpid as crystal. 

At St. Paul you can make close connections for Duluth and other points on the line of 
the great Northern Pacific Railroad, and also with the St. Paul & Pacific Railway. 

On the line we have hastily sketched, you have a variety of scenery — the quiet beautiful 
prairie country of Northeastern Illinois ; the rolling farming coimtry of Southern Wiscon- 
sin ; the wildly romantic mountain scenery of the Devil's Lake country ; the breezy, odor- 
ous "piney woods," with their busy mills, active towns, and numerous logging camps ; and 
the charming river country of the St. Croix Valley. A greater diversity of country can- 
not be found anywhere in a journey of the same length. It has been said by many persons 
who have recently passed over this line, that the beauties of the scenery passed through 
on the route of itself would be ample remuneration for a trip from Europe made expressly 
to see it. You will find comfortable, cleanly and commodious dining stations and hotels 
along the line, at which ample time is given for all meals. 

MINNESOTA DIVISION— WINONA & ST. PETER KAILROAD. 

Six hundred and, twenty-five miles northwest of Chicago, in the wilds of Dakota, is 
Lake Kampeska. Until within the last few months, if you wislied to reach this point, you 
had before you a tedious journey of hundreds of miles by the way of the Missouri river, with 
its dangerous navigation, and then a tiresome trip over the coteaus by wagon, or else an 
equally tiresome journey by wagon from the headwaters of the Minnesota river at New 
Ulm, or some other river point. 

Now all this is, as if by magic, changed. You can take the elegant cars of the Chicago & 
North-Western Railway, at the Milwaukee depot, corner Canal and Kinzie streets, Chi- 
cago, at half-past 9 o'clock in the evening, and in twenty-five hours be at New Ulm, 
Minn., resting over night, and leaving next morning, be, in forty-six hours from the time 
yon left Chicago^ at the banks of the Lake. 

Such is the change wrought by modern railroad building. Yesterday, this country was 
the home of the savage Indian, who was ever ready to re-enact the horrors of the massa- 
cre of New Ulm. To-day it is being filled up with the hardy pioneers from the older 
States, and to-morrow you will see its prairies covered with the rewards of the farmers' 
toil — golden grain will cover every field, and cattle will be seen on its thousand hills. 

To reach this great wheat land, you follow the route we have sketched, under the Chi- 
cago & St, Paul Line, to Elroy. Here you branch off westward and pass through Glen- 
dale, Wilton, Dover, and reach 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



SPARTA, WIS. 

Sparta, is an incorporated village of 4,000 inhabitants, and one of the finest inland 
towns of Central Wisconsin. Situated in a fertile valley, entirely surrounded by gigantic 
bluffs and rocky elevations, near the head waters of the La Crosse River, on the line of the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway, it presents, with its handsome white painted dwell- 
ings and church edifices, its costly business houses and public buildings, with streets 
adorned with natural and cultivated foliage, the appearance of a prosperous Southern coun- 
try-seat. Its surroundings are picturesque and even romantic. To the northwest, and at a 
distance of five miles, can be seen Castle Rock towering majestically to a height of six 
hundred feet above the level of the river, standing like a silent sentinel on the top of the 
encircling cordon of bluffs that surround the valley. From its lofty summit can be seen the 
blue hills of Minnesota across the " Father of Waters," and an extended panorama of hill 
and dale is presented to the admiring gaze. Looking back to the southward, the eye rests — in 
summer — on the verdure-covered plain below, dotted over with its nice farm houses, teeming 
fields of grain, and crystal streams of pure soft water, abounding plentifully with the finest 
of speckled trout, affording sport and recreation for the "troutist," in the midst of which 
Sparta stands, Monarch of the Valley. Pleasure drives and hunting grounds are numer- 
ous. Delightful camping places and pic-nic resorts are everywhere to be found beneath the 
ridges that encircle the town. Over the natural beauties of the place, the "Pleasure Sea- 
son" throws her spell of life and gaiety. As evening approaches, ladies and gentlemen 
throng the porticoes of the hotels, or are wheeling about town behind fast steeds, or are 
dreainingly lounging about the shady retreats in the public parks. 

Amongst the best Hotels in tlie State, is the 




WARNER HOUSE. 



36 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 

"Warner House, Sparta, "Wis. — J. D. Condit, proprietor. — This elegantly furnished 
hotel has recently been enlarged, in order to meet the growing wants of its numerous pa- 
trons, and now offers to the use of pleasure seekers and invalids, 115 well furnished rooms, 
forty of which are suits of rooms on the ground floor. This far-famed house is located in 
the pleasantest part of the city, and directly opposite the Mineral Magnetic Well. It is the 
pleasant and well provided home of a throng of guests from all parts of the world, and being 
provided with all of the modern improvements, Is pronounced the model hotel of the 
Northwest. I 



SPAKTA MINERAL AVATEK, 



HISTORY. 

This Well was projected with a view to furnish the city with a purer and colder quality 
of water than that in general use, and with an especial view to the construction of a foun- 
tain, convenient for use, as well as an attractive article of ornamentation to the public 
park. I'he first success achieved by the projectors, resulted in reaching water, by means 
of tlie diilling process, at the depth of 315 feet, in the month of October, 1867. A volume 
of water amounting to 100 gallons per minute has flowed unceasingly from this well from 
tliat time to the present. Residents of the village, afflicted with various forms of chronic 
diseases, drank daily of this water and realized permanent cures, and could attribute the 
help received to no other cause. This led the medical fraternity of Sparta, and physician? of 
the surrounding country, to investigate, when, by the aid of analytical chemists, they ascer- 
tained the water contained manj' valuable medicinal properties. The remarkable devel- 
opments made soon attracted the attention of such invalids as were residents of this por- 
tion of the State, and ultimately those of neighboring States who availed themselves of 
the benefits to l>e derived from the free use of the water, until the hotels of the place, together 
with the juivatc boardiuj; Iiduscs, were iiterallj' crowded with people wlio had gf)ne thither 
In It" t this iu;\\ly ilisc(jvcrcil remedy for almost every disease known to the medical profes-X 
sinii. Diirin.i; llie year iS/i, not less tlian 12,000 strangers i):u-took of tiie Iie;iling water 
of this rcinaika!)lc Weil, wtio, witliout a single exception, made unreserved ackiiowledg- 
iiiciit of tlic l)..ncfits tliey li.iil received 111 consequence thereof. During the yeiir 1873, tiie j 
list of visitors to Sparta, for tlie purpose of testing the medicinal properties of the water 
there, shows the number to have been 25,000, all of whom are ready to add their testimony l{ 
to those who had preceded them, as to the remarkable effect of the water in alleviating 
their sufferings, and effecting permanent cures. Subsequently, and in January, 1874, the 
apparent growing qualities of the water led to a more thorough analysis of it made by Prof. 
J. M. Hirsh, as given below, revealing the fact that the water has no superior as a chaly- 
beate and tonic water on this Continent or in Europe. 



TttE GREAT NOtlTirWEsT. 37 



HEAWNG WATERS. 

The healing properties of these mineral wells were discovered soon after the sinking of 
the first one, in October, 1867, which led our physicians, and also several chemists, to the 
investigation of its medicinal properties, when it was discovered that the water contained 
many valuable elements known to the Materia Medica. 

Analysis of Water. — In 1,000 parts there are : 

Grains. 

Carbonate of Iron - ^905 

Carbonate of Magnesia _ 202 

Carbonate of Lime- .054 

Sulphate of Soda. , _ .301 

Sulphate of Potassium .126 

Sulphate of Lime. .047 

Chloride of Potassium . 005 

Chloride of Sodium .253 

Iodide of Iron .222 

Iodide of Sodium . ogS 

Phosphate of Soda. .118 

Aluminum .069 

Silica .013 

Organic Matter a traC'~, 

Temperature of Water. _. .50 deg. F. 

Still going westward, you piss through Biinqfor, Salem, Winona Junction, On:iI:iska, 
Trempealeau, and reach Winona, Minn., 299 miles from Chicago. At Winona you 
cross the Mississippi river on a substantial bridge, owned by the Chicago & North- 
western Railway. 

WINONA, MINN. 

Winona, the largest and most important commei'cial city in Southern Minnesota, and 
the third in point of population in tlie State, is the county seat of Winona county, and is 
situ;ited on a beautiful level prairie, on the west bank of the Mississippi river. The first 
white settlement made in this place, was in 1851. 

Winona is noted for the natural beauty of its site ; for its healthfulness ; for the air of 
taste, comfort and culture whicli pervades its residences ; for its excellent system ot 
schools ; and generally for its thrift, energy, and commercial activity. It has the best 
system of graded schools in Minnesota, and is, in addition, the seat of the First State Nor- 
mal School — an exceedingly well-conducted and successful institution for the training ol 
teachers. 

The business portion of the town is compactly and substantially built of brick and 



THE GREAT NOTITHWESI^. 



stone— the streets are wide and regularly laid out — and its whole appearance betokens 
business activity and prosperity. 

We have thus briefly sketched the history and business condition of the beautiful and 
prosperous young city of Winona. Having attained its present growth and prosperity 
under many adverse circumstances, there is abundant reason to believe that now, with 
important and increasing railroad facilities secured — with a position admirably adapted to 
the carrying on of extended commercial and manufacturing operations — and with a 
lilieral minded and energetic population — its future will be as bright and successful as its 
most'sanguine founders ever dared to hope for. 

The line from Elroy to Winona Junction (57 miles) is new, and was only opened for 
travel in September, 1873. It was built at great expense by this Company to form a con- 
nection with the La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott, and Winona & St, Peter Railroads 
which had sometime since been purchased by this Company. Leaving Winona you pass 
through Minnesota City, Lewiston, Utica, St. Charles, Dover Centre, Eyota, Rochester, 
Kasson, Dodge Centre, Havana, and reach Owatonna, 389 miles from Chicago. At 
this point you cross the Iowa branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, by which 
you can, from Owatonna, reach Faril:)ault, Farmington, etc. 

Still going westward, you pass through Waseca, Janesville, Mankato, Kasota, and reach 
St. Peter, where you strike the line of tlie St. Paul & Sioux City Railroad, which will take 
you to Heron Lake, Worthington, etc. 

Pursuing your journey you reach New Uhn, (468 miles from Chicago), and are at the 
stene of one of the most horrible Indian massacres that has ever taken place on this con- 
tinent. 

In 1862, without cause or warning, the Sioux Indians, who had peaceably resided in this 
vicitiity with the early white settlers, seemed to become wild for blood and slaughter. 
They put on their war paint, and began to pillage and murder all who came within tlieir 
wide track. Soon several himdred of the settlers were killed, and the rest made prisoners, 
or driven oiT. Troops were sent into the field. The rest is soon told. The Indians were 
all killed or captured, and the captured, .after months of confinement in military camps, 
were banished to the unsettled country beyond the Missouri river. The result was that 
Minnesota and Eastern Dakota permanently got rid of a troublesome and treacherous 
poi)ulation, and in its place she has the people from New England, and the East, from 
Germany, Norwav, Sweden, and all parts of Europe, and has settled up her waste places 
f ister, perliaps, than any other Northwestern State. Great good has thus been forced 
out of a great wrong, and the comparatively few suffered to benefit the coming many. 

To tlie farmer, this line of our road offers many inducements. Cheap lands, excellent 
soil, good water, fine grazing, and certain crops. The country is well watered ; pretty 
little lakes and numerous streams abound, which, while aiding to beautify, largely help 
to make the country more valuable to the planter by insuring it against drought. 



THE GKEAT NORTHWEST. 



WABASHA, MINNESOTA. 

Wabasha is situated on the Mississippi River, at the foot of Lake Pepin, nearly opposite 
the mouth of the Chippewa River, a stream navigable for light draught boats to the 
fails, some ninety miles, upon which a daily line of steamers ply. 

From the earliest time of the white man's advent into this region of country, it was an 
Indian trading post of much importance, and up to the year 1830, it was the centre or 
capital of the great nation of the Dakota or Sioux tribe of Indians, the greatest and most 
powerful confederation of Indians on the American Continent. 

It was here that the King or Grand " Sachem " resided ; the city bears his name " Wa- 
basha." Here annually assembled the warriors and chief men of the nation. Here they 
held their feasts, their councils of war, here they held their religious ceremonies, and here 
they buried their dead, as hundreds of mounds in and around the city testify. 

Fortifications for defense are still plainly discernible, and, near by, a body of seventy- 
five mounds placed in a circular form overlook the Mississippi, which contain the bones, 
ashes, and other relics of the dim and distant past. 

As a point where the invalid, and the wearied and worn man of business can rest free 
from the bustle and cares of life and recuperate their depleted bodies, no better point can 
be found. 

To the tourist, the man of pleasure, and the sportsman, rare enjoyments are presented, 
and no point in the Northwest offers as great a variety. 

To the angler it is his Eldorado. Hundreds of spring brooks, tributaries of the Chippewa, 
O'Bufand Tombia Rivers, which empty into the Mississippi near the city of Wabasha, 
are well stored with that sure sporting fish, the speckled trout. 

For larger and more exciting prey, the angler must resort to the Mississippi, where will 
be found the Black, White and Striped Bass, weighing from four to ten pounds, which con- 
gregate in innumerable numbers at the foot of Lake Pepin, just where the waters of that 
Lake fall into the river proper, making it the most superb trolling grounds in the world, 
for this noble fish. Pike and Pickerel abound in the Mississippi in large numbers, and are 
taken, weighing from five to forty pounds; this exciting sport can be enjoyed by ladies and 
children, within the city in perfect safety. 

For the sportsman who follows his dog and carries his breech loader, his rapacity here can 
be glutted, for here is the home of the Prairie Hen, the Ruflfled and Pinnated Grouse, the 
Woodcock, the Quail, and the innumerable family of Duck and Goose tribe, together with 
that noble game, the Elk, the Deer, and the Bear, all of which are easy of access by water 
or land. The visitor at all times can find guides among the remnants of the Indians and 
their relations, to conduct them to the most certain spots for good sport. 

Ascending the bluffs back of the city, a loveliness and grandeur of scene is spread out 
before the eye, stretching far away over Lake Pepin, (the Horicon of the West) and far 
up the great valley of the Chippewa River, giving you an isometric view, more grand and 
picturesque than the far-famed Yo Semite Valley, which js awaiting the pencil of tb? 
artist to give it a world wide fame. 



40 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 

Good accommodations can be obtained at far less cost than can be had at places where 
less pleasure and less comfort can be found. 

To reach this point you should buy your railroad tickets by the Chicago & North- 
western Railway to Winona. From thence you can go by rail or by steamer as you may 
elect. 

FKONTENAC, ON LAKE PEPIN. 

Frontenac has a National reputation for the beauty of its scenery, its perfection of the 
Minnesota climate, the varied interest of its drives, and its facilities for boating, bathing, 
trout fishing and grouse shooting. 

Wise forethought, guided by cultivated taste, and inspired by a liberal confidence in the 
growing greatness of the Mississippi Valley, has planned Frontenac to be the Newport of 
the Northwest, the site of the Hotels, and summer residences of the future. Even now, 
the expenditure of money has been made so in harmony with the wealth of nature's gifts 
that it is already one of the most charming summer resorts in the land. Two parks ex- 
tending through the village plat, one on the lake front, and one in front of the second 
terrace, secure to the choice residence blocks the most lovely views of wide expanses of 
water, of cliffs, of wooded gorges and of prairie slopes. 

Yachts and row boats, of the finest model, invite the guests to the pleasures of aquatic 
sports. A small steamer makes daily trips to the various lake ports. The passing of the 
commerce of the Northwest through the lake, gives constantly new objects of interest to 
the water view. The numerous steamboats, the great rafts of pine logs or lumber, the 
tow boats with their wheat laden barges, all contribute to prevent monotony. The Steam- 
boat Landing is on the Lake Side Hotel grounds. 

Frontenac is the centre of the finest region in the Northwest for both trout fishing and 
gi-ouse shooting. It is one of the very few places where these two sports can be had 
together, and there is no place where they can be had together in such excellence and with 
such ease of access to the sportsman. A drive of six miles up the valley of Wells Creek, 
through highly cultivated farms, will reach the fishing grounds on this stream, and from 
there, for eight miles more, the road winds along the bank of the stream, so that there 
need be no fatigue in securing a good basket of trout. A i-ow or sail of half an hour from 
the hotel, across the lake, and a pleasant walk of half a mile, introduces the angler to an 
inexhaustible and never disappointing supply of trout in Pine Creek, and a drive of ten 
miles will make him acquainted with the three and four pound trout of Rush River, and 
with the dark forests, the overhanging rocks, and the sparkling waters of that finest of 
all the trout streams. 

The drive of six miles to Lake City, along the shore of the lake, affords many interesting 
views, especially of that bold bluff, always in sight, noted in song and story as the 
" Maiden's Rock." Every lover, and every one who delights in Indian legend, knows the 
tale which has lent an interest, beyond the charrn of scenery, to this crag on the shore of 
Ijake Pepin, 




lir^ 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



'* The beautiful Winona, refused by her father to her lover, a young Dakota warrior, 
but promised by her father to an old chief, dressed herself with bridal garments, placed a 
wreath of wild flowers on her brow, from the dizzy edge of this cliff called on her lover to 
meet her in the happy hunting grounds, clianted her death song, and leaped to destruction 
rather than be false to her heart's choice, and wed where she could not love." 

The climate of Frontenac has all to recommend it that has been so often written of the 
Minnesota atmosphere. 

The Hotel accommodation is excellent, and the table as good as that of any of the first- 
class hotels in the West. The house, with the cottages, can entertain, comfortably, a 
hundred and fifty guests. Distance from St. Paul, 51 miles ; from Chicago, 358 miles. 

FOND DIT I.AC, WIS. 

In the detailed description of the route from Chicago to the shores of Lake Superior 
we purposely omitted the following statement in regard to Fond du Lac, as we wished to 
call the attention of our readers especially to this point. 

Statistics and Resources. 

Fond du Lac, is a city of twenty-two years municipal growth, with a population of 
nearly twenty thousand. It is situated at the head of Winnebago, in one of the richest 
agricultural districts in the West, seventy miles from Madison, sixty-three miles from 
Milwaukee, forty miles from Sheboygan, sixty miles from Green Bay, and one hundred 
and forty-eight miles from Chicago — directly connected with all of the above-named cities 
by railroads ; in short, the railroad facilities for coming to Fond du Lac are equal to those 
of any other interior city in the Union, as they extend from the city at nearly all points of 
the compass. It is rich in manufacturing resources, and in wealth and population is second 
only to Milwaukee among all the cities of Wisconsin. Fond du Lac is blessed with enter- 
prising, liberal-minded manufacturers and business men. It has fourteen extensive saw- 
mills, and as many shingle mills, in full operation during the lumbering season. Five very 
large sash, door and blind factories — one the largest, perhaps, there is in the world — 
send that class of building material to all parts of the United States. Three extensive 
foundries and machine shops are busy the year I'ound, filling orders for machinery in six 
or seven near and adjoining States. One blast furnace is nearly ready for operation. 
There are also innumerable smaller manufactories, the natural adjuncts of those already 
named, in a city situated in a rich agricultural district, with such extensive resources for 
transportation and exchange. It has also an extensive wheat market and six banks to 
accommodate the business of the place. Two large paper-mills are in full operation dur- 
ing the year, using up the waste straw of a great cereal-growing district, 

THE FOUNTAIN CITY; 

Its Society, lleli,t?ious, EtUicational and Charitable Institutions. 

The society of Fond du Lac is of a high order. It has six splendid brick and stone 
churches, and about the same number of elegant wooden structures, with able preachers 
and priests. The churches are well attended, making its religious privileges superior to 



THE GREAT NOKTHWESl*. 43 

those of any other city of the same size. Fond du Lac lias gradetl schools, in capacious 
school-rooms, in all parts of the city, and a superb High-School edifice, erected last year? 
where the higher branches of learning are taught by a corps of accomplished teachers. 
The benevolent ladies of Fond du Lac have established a charitable institution, with 
convenient buildings, where the sick and indigent are properly provided for and taken 
care of. 

Healthiness of the L,ocation. 

It may be said, without fear of contradiction, that Fond du Lac is one of the most 
healthy places in the Union. From the time that the first artesian well was sunk, furnishing 
pure water, its healthiness commenced, and continued to increase rapidly as the number of 
wells increased, until Fond du Lac was without a rival in this regard. No general sick- 
ness has prevailed here since the ordinary wells have become numerous. Neither has any 
epidemic ever reached this place. Most of the few diseases that afflict the residents of 
this city at this time, or that have afflicted them for the past ten or fifteen years, were 
acquired in other localities. All people, long residents of Fond du Lac, present as fresh 
and healthy an appearance as if in the hilly regions of New England, and more beautiful 
ladies and robust gentlemen than are here, cannot be found. So prominent is this fact 
that strangers stopping here, or passing through the place, are often heard making remarks 
upon these peculiarities. Good health, in the higher latitudes of temperate zones, always 
adds to the loveliness of beautiful forms. 

In short, Fond du Lac presents more attractions to the invalid, the sick and the afflicted, 
as well as to the robust and healthy, than any other place of its size in the United States. 

Amiisement.s. 

Socials, balls and parties are frequent, and of a high order. Theatrical performances 
and concerts are plentiful, with other light amusements. Several billiard parlors afford 
amusements with a "cue." The Fond du Lac County Stock-Growers' Association has a 
splendid park and race grounds within the city limits, where turf sports can be enjoyed. 
Several yacht clubs navigate Lake Winnebago in elegant rakish craft, for prizes in sportive 
contests. Steamboats, with pleasure parties, often make excursions around the lake, 
which is thirty-five miles long by twelve broad^the largest lake within any State of the 
Union — whose borders furnish beautiful landscape views, and the most gorgeous scenery. 
Besides, Fond du Lac is surrounded with pleasant places of resort. Lake de Neveu, a 
beautiful sheet of water, is romantically situated, about three miles southeast of the city. 
Eastward is Elkhart Lake, already famous for its natural beauties, and westward lies 
Green Lake, a noted summer resort. On all these lakes are pleasure boats propelled by 
steam, wind and man power. The waters of all of these lakes furnish a plentiful and vari- 
ous supply of fresh-water fish, where piscatorially inclined ladies and gentlemen can enjoy 
ample amusement in that line. 



44 



TriE CiHEAt NOliTllWEST. 



Hotel Accommodations. 

Parties visiting Fond du Lac for the purpose of being restored to health will find hotel 
room of every variety and grade — some elegantly fitted and furnished, without rivals in 
any city of the si^e of this in the United States-^kept by landlords who make strenuous 
efforts to deserve popularity and patronage. There are also a large number of private 
boarding-houses, some in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic springs, where board can 
be obtained at very reasonable rates. Besides, there are several fashionable eating-houses 
and restaurants, where day board, meals and lunches can be had at all hours, in style and 
quality to please epicures, moderate persons and invalids — delicate or rich, as may be 
ordered by the patrons. In the immediate vicinity of these fashionable eating-houses or 
restaurants are a large number of new blocks, three stories high, with the lower floors 
occupied as mercantile houses, while many of the upper rooms are still vacant, and can be 
rented cheap for sleeping aparf ^lents. 

Among the best of the hotels at'Fond du Lac will be found the 




PATTY HOUSE, 

BYRON 'I'OWN, Proprietor. 
It stands on the main business street of the city and is first-class in every respect. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 45 

Magnetic Springs. 

Fond du Lac claims superiority over other Wisconsin summer resorts, for the reason 
that within her boundaries she has Magnetic Mineral Springs that are claimed to be equal 
to, or even superior, to those of Northern Michigan. Mr. George Hunter is the fortunate 
owner of these springs, and has arranged hotel and bathing accommodations for all who 
may wish to try these healing waters. It is claimed that these waters are infallible as a 
cure for rheumatism and kindred diseases. The people of Fond du Lac call the springs 
and their artesian wells " Fountains." 

History of the "Fountains." 

The first artesian well in this city — or fountain, as it is called there — was sunk in 
1848, through fifty feet of red clay, and through the same depth of blue clay, into quick- 
sand, until the limestone bed that underlies the city was reached, furnishing much purer 
water than could be obtained from any other source. The citizens have continued to sink 
these " fountains" until the number has reached near one thousand, materially changing 
and benefiting the healthfulness of the city. 

Accidental Discovery of tlie Mineral Water. 

A thousand drafts upon the fountain head, or water supply to the ordinary fountains, 
considerably lessened the force of the flow of many of them, until in many parts of the 
city they ceased to rise above the surface of the ground. 

George Hunter, being in need of a greater supply of water than the ordinary fountains 
could furnish, and a purer quality than was in the stream from which his paper-mill was 
supplied, therefore concluded to sink an artesian well into a lower strata of the lime- 
stone rock. Mr Hunter sunk a fountain fifty-six feet through the red and blue clay, and 
one hundred and four feet into the limestone rock, striking at intervals several veins of 
water, but none of sufficient force to answer his purpose. At that depth the mineral rock 
was reached, and drilled into twenty-seven feet (In all, one hundred and eighty-seven feet 
deep), whrti a vein of water was reached with sufficient force to throw it far above the 
surface of the ground. On using that water in the mill, it was discovered that its mineral 
qualities totally unfitted it for print-paper manufacturing. A gentleman of some experi- 
ence in mineral waters visiting the fountain, and noticing its sparkling effijrvcscence, 
suggested that the water might be magnetic and medicinal, and to test it held an ordinary 
jack-knife in the stream as it flowed from the pipe. In a few moments the knife was so 
highly charged that eight and ten-penny nails could be lifted with ease, by the attraction 
of the magnetized knife. These peculiarities of the water soon attracted attention, and 
awakened curiosity, and many rheumatic and other invalids in the neighborhood, who had 
tried various remedies, receiving only temporary reli. f, immediately began to use the 
mineral water, both for drinking and bathing purposes, and were materially benefited. 
Some considerable time, however, elapsed after the water began to be used, before Mr. 
Hunter could be induced to believe that he had discovered mineral waters of such extra- 



46 Tim GHEAT NORTIIWESf . 

ordinary curative properties. But positive evidence of the fact accumulated so rapidly 
that Mr. Hunter was forced to fit up convenient bath-rooms near the fountain, for the 
accommodation of the hundreds of invalids who daily visited his place. 

To reach this city, you must buy your railroad tickets via the Chicago & North-Western 
Railway. Tickets to Fond du Lac are good via Milwaukee or via the Wisconsin Division. 
By both routes through coaches are run from Chicago. E.xcursion tickets are not sold to 
this point by any road at Chicago, but if you buy to Duluth, via Marquette, you can stop 
off at Fond du Lac en route, and then resume your journey at pleasure. 

MINNESOTA. 

Minnesota lies between 43° and 49° north latitude and 89° and 97° west longitude, and is 
about 380 miles long by 300 miles wide. The surface of the country is undulating. There 
are no mountains in the State, yet it is the most elevated tract of country between 
Hudson's Bay on the north and New Orleans on the south. The soil varies very much ; 
in the valleys it is excellent, and especially so in the valley of the St. Peter. Above the 
Falls of St. Anthony the soil is of "drift" formation. All parts of the State produce 
wheat, oats, barley, rye and potatoes in great abundance, and in many portions of the 
State corn yields ample crops. The great crops of the small grains produced by the rich 
soil of Minnesota would surprise the farmers of the Prairie States of Iowa and Illinois. 
Wild fruits abound, and it is probably correctly believed that wherever wild fruits grow 
indigenously the cultivated varieties will also thrive. Some portions of Minnesota are 
covered with dense forests, although a large portion of the State is prairie. Taken as a 
whole, it cannot be called a well wooded State, yet wherever the prairie fires are stopped 
UxvUo&x \i&^\n'=, to gxo-w without planting. In many parts where when first settled not a 
tree or shrub could be seen, you may now find dense forests of young timber. 

As is well known, lakes abound in this State. It might well be called the Lake State. Its 
lakes vary in size from those of thirty miles in length to those covering not more than 
an acre of ground, yet all are clear and pure, and in all are great numbers of fish. The 
lakes largest are Lake of the Woods, Rainy Lake, Red Lake, Cass Lake, Leech Lake and 
Mille Lac or Spirit Lake. Tourists can reach all of these lakes with but little ti'buble. 

EARLY HISTORY. 

This State is said to have been first visited by white men in 1654. They were traders, 
and who, on returning to Montreal, Canada, two years afterwards, gave such glowing 
descriptions of the country as to induce not only traders and trappers but Jesuit Mission- 
aries to visit the country. To these last we are indebted for the first printed or reliable 
records of the State. The present State formed a part of the original territory of Louisiana 
and was purchased of France in 1803. The eastern portion of the State formed a part of 
the French possessions that were surrendered to the British in 1763, and afterwards by 
the latter to the Government of the United States after the Revolutionary War. The 
State was first explored under the authority of the Government during the presidency of 
Thomas Jefferson. He sent General Pike out, with orders to go to the head waters of the 



THE GIJEAT NORTHWEST. 47 

Mississippi River, and the General, when he reached the Falls of St. Anthony, supposed 
he had reached the head waters, and so thinking his orders fully carried out returned to 
the East. The first fortification was built on the present site of Fort Snelling, near St. 
Paul, and in it has been kept a garrison since 1819. The State began to attract people to 
it for homes in 1845. In 1849 it was erected into a territory, and was admitted as a State 
in 1853. 

MINNESOTA—AS A HOME. 

It is well enough for the summer tourist to know all about the summer pleasures to be 
found in lands where he may tarry for a few days, but some of our readers may have 
other motives than pleasure seeking to call them to Minnesota. For those, we give a 
few words in regard to this State as a place for making a home. We find a portion of the 
following in a little book written by a gentleman who has spent many years here studying 
the climate of the State. From what we know of this party, we feel sure that his state- 
ments may be relied on. 

MINNESOTA— CLIMATE. 

" Much has been said and written in regard to the climate of Minnesota, a great deal 
of which is true, and a great deal of which is untrue. We expect, perhaps, that official 
or voluntary " commissioners of immigration " will draw the picture as brightly as possi- 
ble, and attempt to show to the world at large, that ours is the spot to seek the Garden of 
Eden of these United States. We expect, also, and know, as well, that the anti-emigra- 
tion writers of other parts of the country will be very cool in speaking of our known 
superiorities of location, climate, or soil, and shout to the world in trumpet tones, the 
Xiwrnhtx increased^ and the nature ;«/jr^/r^i-^«/^^, of our drawbacks. By those linked 
together in this opposition interest, many statements are made by men of position and 
influence, and echoed by the most intelligent of people and press, which show very plainly 
either the blindness and prejudice, or ignorance and narrowness of their authors. Let us 
illustrate : It is but a few years since the editor of the most costly atlas then published 
in America, stated in his geographical descriptions, that the iuinmers of Minnesota are 
too brief for agriculttiral success. 

" Now, we acknowledge the truth of the old saying, 'That life is long which answers 
life's great end,' and apply the idea to our short-lived Minnesota summers. We have 
seen the snow two feet deep in cleared land (much deeper in the pineries) at the first of 
April, and ten days later the plough and the harrow were furrowing and smoothing over 
the lately snow-burdened fields, and by the time wild strawberries were ripe in Eastern New 
England, ours had had their day— abundant and luxuriant, and the markets where they 
were lately sold were glutted with fresh tomatoes, delicious melons, and early fruits in 
variety. Many kinds of vegetables and fruits, which in many parts of New England are 
seldom matured, or cannot be raised in the open air at all, are very easily, abundantly, 
and profitably grown in our very briefest seasons. Grapes, even, of very superior quality 
^nd flavor, are now grown quite extensively in some sections of the State, and with no 



48 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



considerable difficulty or pains-taking. The annual agricultural exhibitions bear witness 
to the truth of these statements, and of the impressions they convey. At the State Fair 
of 187a a building was devoted specially to the products of lands on the lines 
of the Northern Pacific, St. Paul & Pacific, and Lake Superior & Mississippi Railroads 
and the broad show pyramids, with shelved sides, were loaded with almost every variety 
of agricultural and horticultural success, which would be deemed producible away from 
the tropics. This is no fiction. Pears and peaches, it is true, have not yet been produced 
in quantities ; but apples, including the finest crabs, plums, grapes, cranberries, tomatoes 
etc., are cultivated in annually increasing quantities." 

MINNESOTA— THE PAST. 

Long before the white man had thought of making a home in this State the hardy hunt- 
er and trapper had explored every portion of the field, and the patient, zealous mission- 
ary had traversed its uncultivated plains, and had sought out the Indian in its most distant 
corners. They brought back to the settlements stories and legends of the past, and 
taught our poets and novelists to weave the stories into stirring verse and more stirring 
prose. 

Some of these legends relate to places named in these pages, and as Indian stories are 
interesting to almost any one, we here give a few for the amusement of our readers. 

INDIAN LEGENDS OF MINNESOTA. 

The early part of the history of the State naturally embraces a great deal of interesting 
history of the Dakotas, as Minnesota has been appropriately called " Dakota Land." 
Their wars, habits, superstitious ideas — some of which are really beautiful— and their 
many characteristics, so strange and interesting to civilized people, have been the subject 
of many a thrilling tale of truth, or not less thrilling story of fiction. Nowhere else do we 
find these subjects treated in so faithful and truthful a manner, and in so readable a form, 
as in the early part of Neill's History. For the benefit of such as would desire to know 
more of the story of these savage and simple sons of nature, we give some extracts, which 
show with remarkable clearness the " Footprints of Civilization in the Mississippi 
Valley." 

The legends of the Dakotas are numerous, and while many are puerile, a few arc 
beautiful. 

Eagle Eye, the son of a great war prophet who lived more than one hundred years ago, 
was distinguished for bravery. Fleet, athletic, symmetrical, a bitter foe and a warm friend, 
he was a model Dakota. In the ardor of his youth, his affections were-given to one who 
was also attractive, named Scarlet Dove. 

A few moons after she had become an inmate of his lodge, they descended the Missis- 
sippi with a hunting party, and proceeded east of Lake Pepin. 

One day, while Eagle Eye was hid behind some bushes, watching for deer, the 
arrow of a comrade found its way through the coyert into his heart, With only ti|i^e tp 
)isp the name, Scarlet Dove, he expired: 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 49 



For a few days the widow mourned and cut her flesh, and then, with the silence of woe, 
wrapping her beloved in skins, she placed him on a temporary burial scaffold, and sat 
beneath. 

■When the hunting party moved, she carried on her own back th« dead body of Eagle 
Eye. At every encampment she laid the body up in the manner already mentioned, 
and sat down to watch it and mourn. 

When she had reached the Minnesota river, a distance of more than a hundred miles, 
Scarlet Dove brought forks and poles from the woods, and erected a permanent scaffold on 
that beautiful hill opposite the site of Fort Snelling, in the rear of the little town of Men- 
dola, which is known by the name of Pilot Knob. Having adjusted the remains of the 
unfortunate object of her love upon this elevation, with the strap by which she had carried 
her precious burden. Scarlet Dove hung herself to the scaffold and died. Her highest 
hope was to meet the beloved spirit of her Eagle Eye in the world of spirits. 

♦♦ AU-PE-TU-SA-PA." 

Many years before the eye of the white man gazed on the beautiful landscape around the 
Falls of St. Anthony, a scene was enacted there, of which this is the melancholy story: 

Au-pe-tu-sa-pa was the first love of a Dakota hunter. For a period they dwelt in happi- 
ness, and she proved herself a true wife. 

With knife of bone she carved her food, 

Fuel with axe of stone procured — 
Could fire extract from flint or wood ; 

To rudest savage life inured. 

In kettle frail of birchen bark 

She boiled her food with heated stones ; 
The slippery fish from coverts dark 

She drew with hooked bones. 

But her heart was at length clouded. The husband, in accordance with the custom of 
his nation, introduced a second wife within the teepee, and the first wife's eyes began to 
grow sad, and her form from day to day drooped. Her chief joy was to clasp the little 
boy, who was the embodiment of hopes and happiness fled forever. Faithful and unmur- 
muring, she followed her husband on his hunts. One day the band encamped on the 
picturesque shores near the Falls of St. Anthony. With tearless eye, and nerved by 
despair, the first wife, with her little son, walked to the rapid waters. Entering a canoe, 
she pushed into the swift current, and the chanting of her death dirge arrested the atten- 
tion of her husband and the camp in time to see the canoe on the bank, and plunge into 
the dashing waves. The Dakotas say, that in the mist of the morning, the spirit of an 
Indian wife, with a child clinging to her neck, is seen darting in a canoe through the spray, 
and that the sound of her death-song is hear4 moaning in tl^e winds, and in the roar of 
tjie waters, 



50 THE GEEAT NORTHWEST. 



"MAIDEN ROCK." 

On the eastern shore of Lake Pepin, about twelve miles from its mouth, there stands a 
bluff which attracts attention by its boldness. It is about four hundred and fifty feet in 
hciglit, the last hundred of which is a bald, precipitous crag. It is seen at a distance of 
miles; and as the steamer approaches, the emergence of passengers to the upper deck, 
and the pointing of the finger of the captain, or some one familiar with the country, 
e;vinces it is an interesting locality. It is the Maiden's Rock of the Dakota. 

The first version of the story, in connection with this bluff, differs frem those more 
modern, but is preferable. 

In the days of the great chief Wabashaw, there lived in the village of Keoxa, which 
stood on the site of the town which now bears her name, a maiden with a loving soul. 
She was the first-born daughter, and, as is always the case in a Dakota family, she bore the 
name of Weenonah. A young hunter of the same band was never happier than when he 
played the flute in her hearing. Having thus signified his affection, it was with the whole 
heart reciprocated. The youth begged from his friends all that he could, and went to her 
parents, as is the custom, to purchase her for his wife, but his proposals were rejected. 

A warrior, who had often been on the war path, whose head-dress plainly told the num- 
ber of scalps he had wrenched from Ojibway heads, had also been to the parents, and they 
thought that she would be more honored as an inmate of his teepee. 

Weenonah, however, could not forget her first love, and, though he had been forced 
away, his absence strengthened her affections. Neither the attentions of the warrior, nor 
the threats of parents, nor the persuasions of friends, could make her consent to marry 
simply for position. 

One day the band came to Lake Pepin to fish or hunt. The dark green foliage, the 
velvet sward, the beautiful e.xpanse of water, the shady nooks, made it a place to utter 
the breathings of love. The warrior sought her once more, and begged her to accede to 
her parents' wish, and become his wife, but she refused with decision. 

While the party were feasting, Weenonah climbed to the lofty bluff, and then told those 
who were below how crushed she had been by the absence of the young hunter, and the 
cruelty of her friends. Then chanting a wild death-song, before the fleetest runner could 
reach the height, she dashed herself down, and that form of beauty was in a moment a 
mass of broken limbs and bruised flesh. 

The Dakota, as he passes the rock, feels that the spot is Wawkawn. 

" HOGAN-WAUKE-KIN." 

The Dakotas call the St. Croix river Hogan-wauke-kin. The legend is, that in the dis- 
tant past two Dakota warriors were traveling on the shores of Lake St. Croix, one of 
whom was under a vow to one of his gods not to eat any flesh which had touched water. 
Gnawed by hunger, the two perceived, as they supposed, a raccoon, and pursued it into a 
hollow tree. On looking in, the one who could not eat flesh that had touched water, saw 
thf^t the t^nimal was a fish and not a quadruped. Turning to his companion, he agreed to 



THE GTIEAT NOHTltWESf . 51 

throw it to the ground, if he was not urged to eat. Hunger, however, was imperious, and 
forced him to break his vow and partake of the boiled fish. 

After the meal thirst usurped the place of hunger. He called for water to cool his 
parched tongue, until the strength of his companion failed, and he was then told to lie 
down by the lake until his thirst was quenched. Complying with the advice, he drank 
and drank, till at last he cried to his friend, "Come and look at me." The sight caused 
the knees of his comrade to smite together with fear, for he was fast turning to a fish. At 
length he stretched himself across the lake, and formed what is called Pike Bar. This, 
tradition says, is the origin of the sand bar in the lake, which is so conspicuous at low 
stage of water. 

Having full faith in the legend, to this day they call jthe river, which is part of the 
boundary between Wisconsin and Minnesota, "the place where the fish lies," 
(Hogan-wauke-kin). 

" WJEENONAH." 

The original (and correct) name, Weenonah, has now come to be spelled Winona, and, 
as such, is better known. 

Many New Hampshire people are familiar with the legend of another beautiful Indian 
maiden— Winona — the daughter of a famous chief, whose tribe, more than a century ago, 
were the lords of the soil of the Granite State. 

This maiden was loved by a young, pale-faced hunter, and returned his affection with 
the simple and pure ardor of her true nature. 

They were married, and for a while everj'thing went well. But at length the white 
man tired of his wild life, and longed for the society of his friends and early acquaintances. 
He certified his intention of leaving his wife, which he soon after did, against the most 
tender and earnest entreaties to the contrary. The beautiful and stricken Winona was 
completely heart-broken, and when she could endure life no longer, drank a tea made 
from the berries of the deadly night-shade, and died. Meanwhile the false husband 
sought, amid the busy hum of the city, to drown his remorse and sorrow, which was 
real, but came too late. He wandered aimlessly about for a few years, unhappy and 
sick at heart, and at last was found dead at the outskirts of the town of Winchester, upon 
an old grassy mound, the grave of the injured Winona. 



53 THE GREAT NOBTIIWEST. 

FOR 18V4. 



For the coming Summer this Company offers to Health Seekers, Tourists and Pleasure 
Travel the most inviting fields to be found on the continent for Health, Comfort and 
Recreation. The Routes given herein embrace : 

ist. The Lake Superior Country, which has obtained not only world-wide 
renown for its delightful climate, grand scenery and wonderful stores of mineral wealth,, 
but it is becoming famous as affording delight and benefit to all classes of visitors. To 
the Invalid, here is offered the cool and invigorating breezes of Lake Superior. To the 
Scientist the untold stores of the mineral world are open to inspection. To the Sports- 
man the forests and streams — abounding with game and fish — invite his skill as a " crack 
shot" or as a "complete angler," while the general pleasure seeker can pick out "solid 
comfort" in almost any manner. 

2d. The "Lake District" of Wisconsin. This beautiful and picturesque region 
extends from Madison (the Capital of the State) to " Devil's Lake," a distance of forty 
miles. Commencing at the charming city of Madison, which lies like a gem in the midst 
of several small lakes, rivaling the celebrated "Lakes of Killarney " for beauty, this route 
constantly presents pleasing and surprising changes of scenery. The wonderful Baraboo 
Valley and the romantic and weird-like scenery surrounding Devil's Lake, never fail to 
extort exclamations of delight and astonishment from all lovers of nature. After passing 
through the Lake District the famous trout streams of Wisconsin are reached, where the 
disciples of " Isaak Walton" can meet with sure success. 

3d. The Upper Mississippi. Thosewhohave never visited the " Father of Waters," 
have here presented the most comfortable and desirable route that can be obtained on the 
Mississippi, and one that affords the best portions of River Scenery. 

A reference to the routes named within, demonstrates that for quick, comfortable, not 
to say luxurious tnmsit between the points named, no other line offers superior advantages» 
while the remarkably low price of fare for the territory traversed, and the comfort fur- 
nished, should make the Lake Superior region the favorite trip for the coming season. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 53 



ROUND TRIP EXCURSION TICKETS. 

From Chicago to Duluth and Return, via the Routes 

named on opposite page, will be sold by this 

Company at the rate of 

$35 FOU EACH ADULT PERSON. 

(Children between the Ages of Five and Twelve Vears, Half Fare.) 

These Tickets will be good if used any time within the period commencing June ist, 
and ending October ist, 1874. 

Holders of through Excursion Tickets issued by this Company, will be permitted to 
stop off at any point on the line of their journey, by applying to the Conductors of the 
Trains, or the proper officers of the Steamboat Lines, thereby enabling Excursionists to 
enjoy at their leisure the varied scenery, or indulge their inclination for fishing or hunting. 

Excursionists' Coupons between Marquette and Duluth, via this line, will be 
honored by all Steamers running between the points named. A sufficient number of boats 
will be run by various lines during the coming season to insure a daily trip each way. 

Excursionists desiring to go to L'Anse by rail, thence via Steamer to Duluth, via 
Hancock or Houghton, can have their coupons exchanged without extra charge, by 
applying at the office of the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R., at Marquette or 
Negaunee. 

Through Trains, consisting of Elegant Day Coaches and Pullman Palace Sleeping 
and Drawing-Room Cars, run between Chicago and St. Paul, and Chicago and Marquette, 
via this line only. 

The splendid Steamboats of the Packet Lines, on the Mississippi River, leave 
Dubuque and St. Paul daily. 

First-Class Hotels and Eating Houses all along the lines of the different Railroads. 

The four forms of Excursion Tickets named on the following page can be procured at 
our City Offices, 62 S»uth Clark Street, (under the Sherman House) ; West-Side City 
Office, corner Madison and Canal Streets, and at the Company's Depots in Chicago. 
Also at the General Eastern Agency of the Company, 229 Broadway, New York City. 

W. A. THRALL, 

General Ticket Agent, 

Chicago, May 30th, 1874. 



54 



THE GREAT NOKTHWEST. 



ROUTE No. 1. 

Chicago to Negaunee, Mich Via Chicago & North-Western Ry. 

Negaunee to Marquette, Mich _ " Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. 

Marquette to Duluth, Minn. I ^ t „i,„ c,,^^-:„_ c^^^^„„^ 

^ (Meals and Berth included.) \ ^ake Superior Steamers. 

Steamboat Landing to Northern Pacific I .. Omnibus Transfer. 

Depot or any Hotel ) 

Duluth to St. Paul, Minn " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. 

Lake Superior & Miss. Depot to any Hotel ( n n. r p 

or West Wisconsin Railway Depot., j iransier ^o. ^ 

St. Paul to Elroy, Wis " West Wisconsin Railway. 

Elroy to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

ROUTE No. 2. 

Chicago to Elroy, Wis Via Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

Elroy to St. Paul, Minn. " West Wisconsin Railway. 

West Wisconsin Railway Depot to any I n ^ „ ^f_-. p„ 

Hotel or Northern Pacific R'y Depot. . j ^ ransier v.o. 

St. Paul to Duluth, Minn. " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. 

Lake Superior & Miss. Depot to Steamboat I u r\ -i , ^ t c 

Landing or any Hotel f Omnibus 1 lansfer. 

Duluth to Marquette, Mich .» . Lake Superior Steamers. 

(Meals and Berth included.) j ^ 

Marquette to Negaunee, Mich. " Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. 

Negaunee to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

ROUTE No. 3. 

Chicago to Negaunee, Mich Via Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

Negaunee to Marquette, Mich. " Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. 

Marquette to Duluth, Minn I u t i c • c» 

^ (Meals and Berth included.) \ ^ake Superior Steamers. 

Steamboat Landing to Lake Superior & | .. Omnibus Transfer. 

Miss. Depot or any Hotel .. j 

Duluth to St. Paul, Minn " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. 

St. Paul to Dubuque, Iowa / ,, PnrVot T ine 

(Berth included.) f Packet Line. 

Dubuque to Clinton, Iowa " Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque R. R. 

Clinton to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

ROUTE No. 4. 

Chicago to Clinton, Iowa Via Chicago & Nortli-Wcstern Railway. 

Clinton to Duljuque, Inwa " Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque R. R. 

I)ul)U<iuc to St. Paul, Minn I u p , ". t • * 

/„.■',,,, r Packet Line. 

(.Berth included.) ( 

St. Paul to Duluth, Minn " Lake Superior & Miss. R. R. 

Lake Superior & Miss. Depot t<j Steamboat I a ,^,^ -, ,- 

Li- Ti . 1 r v_/mnious i^mc. 

aniling or any Hotel ( 

Duluth to Marquette, Mich.... I u i i c • c. 

(Meals and Benh included.) \ ^ake Superior Steamers. 

Marquette to Negaunee, Mich '* Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon R. R. 

Negaunee to Chicago, 111 " Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



TrtE GRtSAT NOllfTtWESf. 55 



<|litai|o i ^^ortli;- ulest^rn Mailirajj. 



EXCURSION TICKETS TO DENVER. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway have placed on ^ale in their Ticket Offices at 
Chicago, Round Trip Excursion Tickets from 

Chicago to Denver and Return. 

These Tickets are good to return any time within Ninety (go) Days of the date of sale. 
They are sold at Ninety Dollars ($go.oo) each. The route is via the Chicago & North- 
Western (California Line), Union Pacific (and Cheyenne), and the Denver Branch 
(Denver Pacific) of the Kansas Pacific Railway. 

The above named route takes the Tourist through the garden of Northern Illinois and 
Iowa, and over the best portion of the Union Pacific Railroad. At Cheyenne the 
passengers take the Denver Pacific Railroad that runs along the valley of Crow Creek, 
and between that stream and Long's Peak to Greeley, where the road crosses the South 
Platte river, whence it follows it to Denver. By taking this route via Cheyenne, the 
tourist is carried along in sight of the great Snowy Range (of the Rocky Mountain group) 
and so clear and rare is the atmosphere, that the grand old mountains seem to hang 
almost directly over the train, although they are many miles away. These cheap Excur- 
sion Tickets are placed on sale to induce the pleasure travel of Chicago and the East to 
"go West" and enjoy the beauties and glories of the mountain regions of Colorado. 

From Denver excursions can be made to Boulder Canon, the Canon of Clear Creek, 
Golden City, Black Hawk and Central City, Georgetown and Idaho, and the Middle 
Park ; also to Colorado Springs, Pike's Peak, the Garden of the Gods, and other celebrated 
resorts in that vicinity. 
Tickets are for sale at the Chicago Ticket Offices ; 

62 Clark Street, under Sherman House, James Wallace, Ticket Agent. 

N. W. corner Canal and Madison Streets, Alex. Sample, Ticket Agent. 

Depot, corner Canal and Kinzie Streets, William Pingree, Ticket Agent. 

Depot, Wells Street, near Wells Street Bridge, James Wallace, Ticket Agent. 

General Ticket Office, 56 Kinzie Street, 



56 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



O O H. O K.^13 O- 



THE GREAT WESTERN SUMMER RESORT. 



THE ATTRACTIONS FOR INVALIDS, TOURISTS AND IDLERS. 



As the summer months draw near, those who contemplate leaving the city during the 
heated term arc already agitating the question, "Where will we spend the summer ?" 
Many citizens annually pass the summer at Cape May, Newport, Rye Beach, and other 
fashionable seaside resorts, while a still greater number, who desire rest and recreation 
more than aught else, will seek some of the attractive spots nearer home, in Minnesota 
and Wisconsin, where they can indulge in the pleasure of fishing and sailing upon some of 
the beautiful lakes for which that country is noted. A few will brave the dangers of the 
ocean, and seek pleasure in some foreign land, while others will cross the continent and 
"do" the many attractions of the Far West— the wonders of the Rocky Mountains — the 
land of the Mormon, and the unrivaled Yosemite Valley on the Pacific coast. Wewonde 
why so few from Chicago visit Colorado, when there are sights to be seen there and attrac- 
tions that can be found in no other country, and all within a delightful journey of a couple 
of days and nights. It does not take greater time than a trip to the seashore, and the 
accommodations en route are equal, if not superior, to the latter; yet few, comparatively, 
visit this delightful region. Certainly it is not because they are not aware of the attrac- 
tions of Colorado, as letters by the hundred have been written from there, describing the 
beauties of the Territory; the snow-capped peaks, towering thousands of feet among the 
clouds, the wild canons through which mountain torrents plunge and roar, the numerous 
beautiful parks, crystal lakes and sparkling brooks alive with delicious trout, the cele- 
brated hot and cold soda baths, the wonderful "Garden of the Gods" — all these have 
been described time and again, and therefore this cannot be the reason of their hesitancy 
in going. 

We fancy the impression entertained generally is that the trip is a very expensive one, 
and if so, it is erroneous, as the expense incurred in a trip to Colorado will not equal that 
of a like one to the Atlantic seaboard — all things considered. 

It is true that the fare from Chicago to Denver and return is considerable — yet, after 
one arrives there, there is less occasion to spend money than there is East. Board in the 
principal hotels in Colorado averages three to four dollars per day — while there are many 
cozy places where the same can be obtained for less money. Parties or families can secure 



taU GREAT NORTHWEST* 67 

first-class board at hotels generally at from ten to fourteen dollars per week, or forty 
dollars per month — while a few of the leading hotels in Denver and elsewhere would 
charge as high as eighteen or twenty dollars per week. Yet, admitting that the trip is an 
expensive one to many, still it will doubly repay any one to make at least one visit to this 
country, as those who have already done so will testify. If those who can afford it would 
take their families out there during the summer, instead of going to their old haunts in 
the East, it would not only be a delightful change to all and beneficial in every respect, 
but highly entertaining, Instructive and novel. It would be something new, and some- 
thing to think and talk about for many years to come. Here you can find the exhilarating 
climate of Wisconsin and Minnesota, the same lakes and trout streams, the quiet, home-^ 
like country hotels ; and, in addition, the trip across the vast plains alive with buffalo, 
antelope and other game ; the grand old mountains-=-grim monsters that frown upon you 
from towering heights^weird canons, into which the sunlight never enters ; hot soda 
springs, that boil and steam, and afford excellent baths for the invalid. 

In fact, there is no end to the attractions of Colorado, and we advise those who can to 
make at least one trip out there, ere the country becomes more settled, as then the 
scenery will not appear half so attractive as at present, in its wild, romantic state. To 
those who intend going during the ensuing hot months we offer the following sug- 
gestions: Leave Chicago via Chicago & North-Western Railway, and thence via the 
Union Pacific to Cheyenne, and thence via the Kansas Pacific Railway to Denver. From 
Denver, after a rest of a few days, the best plan is to take the Colorado Central Rail- 
road to Golden — one of the most charming spots in Colorado. While there a climb to the 
summit of Table Mountain, near by, will amply repay any one, as the view of Denver, 
fifteen miles distant, and the surrounding country, is very fine. Leaving Golden, proceed 
via the Colorado Central Narrow-gauge up into the heart of the Mountains — through Clear 
Creek Canon to Floyd Hill, and thence via stage a few miles to Idaho Springs, where are 
located some of the finest hot springs in the country, and where commodious hotels and 
bathing houses are to be found for those who desire to sojourn there. From Idaho Springs 
we go to Georgetown, via stage — a jolly trip — and at Georgetown one of the best hotels in 
Colorado for tourists is to be found — the Barton House. From this point, parties can 
secure guides and donkeys to make the ascent of Gray's Peak and Snake River Pass, 
some twelve miles further. On this excursion. Green Lake is passed, 13,000 feet above the 
sea, and so clear that the boulders, fifty feet or more below the surface, are plainly distin- 
guishable. From the summit of Gray's Peak the finest view on the continent can be 
obtained, rivers appearing on the distant plains like threads of silver, while hundreds of 
peaks rear their snowy crests on every hand, and here and there — seeming like tiny 
birds' nests— are the various parks — nestling among the mighty mountains. So grand is 
the sight, and so fearfully wonderful the view, that the beholder shrinks away and feels 
his utter insignificance. 

Returning to Georgetown and Idaho Springs, the route is thence to Central City, over 
the celebrated Virginia canon, one of the steepest and highest mountain roads in the 
world. At Central and Blackhawk, adjoining towns, one can visit the various mines and 



58 TTiK GREAT NORtllWESi'. 

stamp mills, and witness the entire process of procuring and reducing gold and silver. 
Thence the tourist can return to Denver, either via rail, down the north fork of Clear 
Creek, if necessary, but if time will permit, the feturn trip should be made via Boulder 
canon, an immense crevasse in the mountains, extending thirty miles, into Whose narrow 
bowels the sunlight never enters^n fact, the most romantic scenery We have ever beheld 
either in this country or Europe. From Denver the second trip is south via the Denver 
and Rio Grande Railway— narrow-gauge — to Colorado Springs, Pike's Peak, " Garden of 
the Gods," Monument Park," and a score of attractive places. 

On your way down the narrow gauge you must go over to Manitou, a new town a 
short distance from Colorado Springs Station. The ride from the depot of the Denver & 
Rio Grande R. R. at Colorado Springs to Manitou, is a pleasant variation from railroad 
travel, and even in a coach (a seat on the outside is preferable) is far from wearisome. 

The route most of the way lies along that dashing little river, the Fountain qui 
Bouille. Up the '' Ute Pass," within view of the famous " Garden of the Gods," is 
" Glenn Eyrie" in the still further distance. Before the traveler looms up the snow-clad 
summit of " Pike's Peak." The air is fragrant from the pine-clad mountains and exhila- 
rating as new wine, the sunshine warm and golden. The varied tints of the landscape 
are pleasing, and novelty characterizes the whole drive. 

Although Manitou has gained celebrity as a watering-place and summer resort for 
invalids and pleasure seekers only within the last three years, last summer it was thronged 
with visitors, and where, five years ago, the miner or settler pitched his tent, and the 
Indian came to drink at the great medicine springs, a lovely little village has sprung up. 

Last season Manitou had but one first-class hotel, but another has just been built 
which will be open for guests the ensuing summer. This is the " Cliff House," which 
will no doubt be i/ie hotel of the season, owing to its nearness to the springs and the 
superior manner in which it will be conducted. Manitou has other hotels and boarding 
houses of a lower grade, and tenting is by no means a bad way of spending the summer, 
and possesses many advantages over boarding. It is much cheaper, at any rate, and if 
you have a team, you can, when tired of one place, go to another. You need buy but 
little grain, as you can "picket" your horses out, there being an abundance of fresh sweet 
grass ; and a party coming overland — that is, across the plains — with a train can make the 
trip, spend the summer amid the mountains delightfully, and return with very little 
expense and much benefit to mind and body. 

A pleasant walk from the Cliff House up a charming canon along the bank of a little 
dashing mountain stream are some valuable iron springs. This also is the route taken by 
pedestrians who aspire to climb to the summit of Pike's Peak. This has been a laborious 
undertaking, but Is rendered now comparatively easy, as a bridle path having been com- 
pleted to that elevated locality ladies and gentlemen can make the ascent mounted on the 
backs of sure-footed ponies or ''burros," and, as Pike's Peak has its telegraph station, 
can from that region of perpetual snow send back a dispatch to their friends. 

This is an age of progress, and a railroad to the summit of the Peak, with hotel accom- 
modations for the million, would not surprise us. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



59 



GENEVA LAKE, WIS. 

Since we wrote the article you will find on page i6, it has been determined to increase 
the number of trains between Chicago and this point. After June 7th, four trains will 
leave Chicago daily for this point ; two will run via Crystal Lake, and two via Elgin. 
Time cards, giving full particulars, can be procured yV^^ on application to the Ticket 
Offices. • 

The following Chicago gentlemen have made arrangements to spend the summer with 
their families at Geneva Lake : 



J. S. Rumsey, 
S. McCotter, 
Jas. G. Dwen, 
W. Graham. 
O. Newberry, 



Chas. L. Wilson, 
Geo. L. Dunlap, 
B. Sturges, 
L C. Walter, 
W. F. Millisan, 



N. K. Fairbank, 
Geo. Sturges, 
A. C. Ducat, 
M. Willard, 
Frank Milligan, 



A. C. Calkins, 
Gen. Anson Stager, 
Dr. Patton, 
L. C. Hugunin, 
Hon. J. B. Rice. 




This engraving represents the interior of Pullman's Drawing Room and Sleeping Cars, 
such as run on all the night trains of Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



60 THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 

DO NOT FAIL TO READ THIS ! 

Round Trip Excursion Tickets to Points in the Northwest 
named in this pamphlet, will not be sold at the Chicago 
Ticket Offices. The only exception to this rule will be the 
four forms of Excursion Tickets to Duluth that are named 
herein; consequently, if you wish to take advantage of re- 
duced rates and round trip tickets to northwestern Points 
other than Duluth, you must buy the tickets before you come 
to Chicago. At Chicago you can buy the four forms of Excur- 
ursion Tickets to Duluth, but except on those, no reduction 
will be made from the regular established tariif rate, on 
tickets bought at Chicago. 

We want you to understand this case fully, so that you 
will not expect to buy tickets at Chicago for less than the 
local rate, and so that we shall not be liable to charges 
of having induced you to come here to buy your tickets, 
and have you then find that no reduction will be made. 

Our Southern connections prepare and sell all the reduced 
rate Excursion Tickets to the Northwest that you can buy, 
including also the four forms of Excursion Tickets to Duluth 
named above. 

See top of page 5 for directions "how to buy your tickets," 
but bear in mind that the tickets you can purchase at Chicago 
are not Reduced Rate, Round Trip Excursion Tickets. We 
sell through tickets to all Points named herein, but not 
Excursion Tickets. 

W. H. STENNETT, 

Gen'l rasn. Agent, C. & N.- W. Wy. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



B^C^aSXOH TJCKSTS 



Our friends in the South, who wish to come North to spend the summer 
months in the cool, pleasant and invigorating climate of the North and 
Northwest, can procure all needed information and in most cases reduced 
rate Excursion Tickets in the Ticket Offices of the railroads and transporta- 
tion companies, as follows : 
GALVESTON.— Galveston, Houston & Henderson ; Houston & Texas 

Central; International & Great Northern ("Lone Star Route,") and 

Morgan's Louisiana & Texas Line. 
HOUSTON.— International & Great Northern and Houston & Texas 

Central. 
TEXARKANA.— Cairo & Fulton, and Iron Mountain. 
LONG VIE"W, TEXAS.— The Texas & Pacific, and Cairo & Fultoii 

and Iron Mountain. 
DENNISON, TEXAS.— Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R.; Jefferson, 

Shreveport, Dallas, and other ticket stations, will also probably be sup- 
plied with tickets. 
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.— Iron Mountain R. R., and Memphis & Little 

Rock R. R. 

MEMPHIS.— Memphis & Louisville ; Illinois Central, and Memphis & 
Charleston R. R's. 

NEW ORLEANS, LA.— New Orleans, Jackson & Great Northern 

New Orleans, Mobile & Texas, and Mobile & Ohio R. R's. 
MOBILE.— Mobile & Ohio. 
CAIRO, ILL.— Illinois Central. 
ST. LOUIS.— Chicago & Alton, on the corner of 4th and Pine Streets 

Illinois Central, at 102 North 4th Street; and Rockford, Rock Island & 

St. Louis, under Southern Hotel. 
NASHVILLE, TENN.— St. Louis & South-Eastern, and Louisville & 

Nashville. 
LOUISVILLE. — Jcffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis, and Ohio & 

Mississippi. 
CINCINNATL— *' Pan Handle" and "Kankakee" routes. 
INDIANAPOLIS.— " Pan Handle" and "Kankakee" routes. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



THE GREAT PLEASURE ROUTE. 



Chicago & yllton Railroad 

THE ONLY FIRST CLASS ROAD IN THE WEST. 

(See Classification of Railroads by Board of Railroad Commissioners.) 

THE BEST ROUTE FROM 

St. Louis 5 Chicago 

Milwaukee, St. Paul, New York, Boston, the East & the North, 

— AND — 

Pullman Palace Sleeping I Dining Cars 

Run through without Change from 

.ST. LOUIS TO CHICAGO. 

The only Line running these Cars "between St. Louis and Chicago. 

"No Change of Cars from ST. LOUIS to 

Alton, Louisiana, Mo., Hannibal, Quincy, Keokuk, Burlingfton, Jackson- 
ville, Pekin, Peoria, Sprinja^lield, Bloomington, Joliet, and 

c?Ei:io^A.C5t-c:>. 

The only Line making: connections in Union Depot, Chicago, 

— WITH TRAINS TO — 

Pittsburg, Harrisburg, Williamsport, Philadelphia, New York, Milwaukee, 

La Crosse, St. Paul, and Principal Points, East and North, 

Without Change. 



J. C. McMULLIN, JAMES CHARLTON, 

Gen'l Superintendent, Chicago. Gen'l Passenger and Ticket Ag't, Chicago. 



THE OREAT NORTIIWJEST. iii 



Illinois Central Railroad. 

ST. LOUIS to CHICAGO 

^"WITHOUT CHANCE OF CARS,^ 

JLXJXI FROM 

New Orleansf Chicago. 

Ofl 3XILIi:S!^ THE SHOI^TEST I^OUTE 



THE ONL.Y ROUTE FROM 

New Orleans to Chicago and St. Louis 

WITHOUT CHANGE OF CARS. 

Only One Change from New Orleans, St. Louis or Cairo to 
MILWAUKEE, ST. PAUL, 

T^IN^ID J^LIL. FOI]S"TS IN THE IS^ O RTH AA^E S T, 

Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, Washington, Pittsburg, Buffalo 

And all j>rincipal Eastern Points. 

Koad and Fqiiipment Unsurpassed — Miller Platforms and Air Brakes 
on Passenger Trains; Palace Sleeping Cars on all Through Trains. 

1^" EXCUrtSIOX TICKETS ^ n Sale at S^. Louis, Cairo. New Orleans, and 
the principal points in the South and Southwest. 

-W. p. JOHNSON, A. MITCHELL, 

Gen'l Pass. Agent, Chicago. Gen'l Sup't, Chicago. 

JSO. BEXTLEY, JAMES JOHNSON, A. W. KOUNTUEE, 

Ticket Agent, St. Louis. Gen'l Agent, Cairo. Southern Agent, New Orleans. 



THE GREAT NORTHWEST. 



iMiago M M®pll«W®stspa M^j 

GENERAL OFFICERS : 

ALBERT KEEP Fresideut Chic»go. 

M. L. SYKES, Jr ...Vice-President. Secretary and Treasurer NewYojk. 

H. H. PORTER General Manager Ctncago. 

MARVIN HUGHITT General Superintendent 

C. C, WHEELER General Freight Agent 

C. M. V\ ICKKR Assistant General Freight Agent 

W. A. CARPENTER Assistant General Freight Agent 

W. H. STEN-NEIT General Passenger Agent 

W. A. THRALL General Ticket Agent 

E. H. JOHNSON Chief Engineer 

B. C. COOK General Solicitor 

M. M. KIRKMAN Local Treasurer 

J. B. REUFIELD Assistant Secretary and Auditor 

R. \V. HAMEK Purchasing Agent 

Geiil Offices of ttie Comiiaiiy : '' sss^ii:'^^^^^' ^^^' ^^^^^ 
&ett'l Pass, and Tictet Office : '' ssrilx^.^^^^^^^ ^^^- ^^^^^ 

DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS. 

E. J. CUYLER Sup't Galena Division Chicago. 

J. S. OLIVER Sup t Iowa Division Clinton, Iowa. 

A. A. HOBART Sup't Wis. and Milwaukee Divisions. . .Chicago. 

C. A. SWINEFORD Sup't Madison Division Baraboo, Wis. 

S. SANBORN Sup't Winona & St. Peter R. R Winona, Minn. 

S. C. BALDWIN Sup't Peninsula Division Escanaba, Mich. 

GENERAL AGENTS. 

L. P. BOOTH General Eastern Agent, 229 Broadway, New York, 

H, P. STAN WOOD General Agent, 306 Montgomery St., San Francisco. 

J. S. GEORGE Ticket Agent, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

C. G. EDDY General Agent, Council Bluffs and Omaha. 

G. L. HARRISON New England Agent, 5 State St,, Boston, Mass, 

TRAVELING AGENTS. 

V. M, CAME Chicago, 111, 

N. A. PHILLIPS Chicago, 111. 

S F. HUBBARD 229 Broadway, New York. 

A*. T. PRENTICE Chicago, 111. 

O L. HARRISON 5 State Street, Boston, Mass. 

J, H MOUNTAIN Omaha, Neb, 

CHICAGO TICKET OFFICES: 02 Clark Street, under Sherman House; corner 
Canal and Madison Stieets; Kinzie Street Depot, coiner West Kinzie and Canal 
Streets; Wells Street Depot, corner Wells and North Water Streets; General Office, 
56 Kinzie Street, corner Noi th Market, 

ST. PAUL TICKET OFFICE: Corner Third and Jackson Streeta, 

NEW YOKK TICKET OFFICE: No. 229 Broadway. 

BOSTON OFFICE : No. 5 State Street. 

SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: No. 306 Montgomery Street. . 

t^"All trains of this line are run by " Chicago Time," which is 66 minutes slower than New York ; 1 hour and 
7 minutes slower than Boston ; 83 minutes faster than Omaha, and 21 minntes faster than St. Paul. 



CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. 

Kinhracing, under one management, the Great Trunk Railway Lines of tlie 

ZIEEAND^ ' 

With its NunieiH>us Brnnchex and Connections, forming the 

SHORTEST AND QUICKEST R 



BETWEEN 



CKICILG-O 



All Points in Illinois, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan, 
Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, 

AND THE "nTESTERN TERRITORIES. 

San Prancisco, Sacrameiito, Ogden, 



SALT LAKE CITY, CEDAR RAPIDS, 
CHEYENNE, WATERLOO, 

DENVER, FORT DODGE, 

OMAHA, DUBUQUE, 

COUNCIL BLUFFS, LA CROSSE, 
YANKTON, PRA. DU CHIEN, 

SIOUX CITY, WINONA, 

]\IINNEAPOLIS, ST. PAUL, 

Are all on the line of this Great Road, or are 
of Cars than by 



DULUTH, STEVENS POINT, 

MARQUETTE, SHEBOYGAN, 

L'ANSE, OSHKOSH, 

ISHPEMING, WATERTOWN, 

NEGAUNEE, FOND DU LAC, 

ESCANABA, MADISON, 

GREEN BAY, MILWAUKEE, 

MENASHA, RIPON, 

reached by this Route with less Changes 
any other. 



r^^FULL INFORMATION In regard to this Route will be cheerfully 
*"=^ furnished by all Ticket Agents In the United States or Canada. 



-A. T I" -A. C? 



3D. .£9 



MARVIN HUGHITT, 

Gf- eral SuperiiitenJent. 



W. A. THRALL, 

General Ticket Agent. 



W. H. STENNETT, 

General Passenger Agent. 









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